Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasonic lunokufumana iziphene ezifana ne-shrinkage cavities, i-shrinkage porosity, i-porosity, i-inclusions, kunye ne-cracks kwi-castings enemilo elula kunye neendawo ezinqamlekileyo, kwaye inokugqiba ubungakanani kunye nendawo yeziphene.
Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasonic lubhekiselele kwindlela yokujova i-ultrasound (i-frequency ephezulu kunye ne-wavelength emfutshane) kwi-ukuphosa, kwaye emva koko ufumanise iziphene zangaphakathi zokuphosa ngokweempawu zokuphindaphinda kwayo kunye nokuguqulwa kwamaza kwi-interface. I-Ultrasound ineempawu ze-beam directivity kunye ne-propagation reflectivity.
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zovavanyo lwe-ultrasonic: indlela yokubonisa i-pulse, indlela yokungena kunye ne-resonance method. Indlela yokufumanisa i-ultrasonic esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yindlela yokubonakalisa i-pulse. Ibhekisela kwindlela yokugweba ubungakanani kunye nendawo yesiphene ngokwe-echo yesiphene kunye ne-echo yendawo engezantsi.
Umgaqo osisiseko wendlela ye-pulse reflection kukuba i-piezoelectric element kwi-probe ivuyiswa yi-high-frequency pulses ukuvelisa i-ultrasonic pulses. Xa i-wave yesandi isasazeka kwi-casting kwaye idibana neziphene, inxalenye yaso ibonakaliswe ngasemva. Ubungakanani be-wave ebonakalisiweyo bungabonakalisa ubungakanani, indawo kunye nobunzulu beziphene zangaphakathi zokuphosa. Amaza e-Ultrasonic angabonakali aqhubeka esasaza phambili ade abonakaliswe emva kwezantsi kwi-casting. Amandla omsindo abonakaliswe kwisiphene kunye nezantsi kwe-casting ifunyenwe ngokulandelelana yi-piezoelectric transducer, kwaye emva koko iboniswe kwisiboniso se-ultrasonic flaw detector ngendlela ye-amplitude.
Uvakalelo lwe-ultrasonic flaw detector ibhekisela kumandla ayo okufumana ezona ziphene zincinci. Uvakalelo lovavanyo lwe-ultrasonic luhambelana nezinto ezifana nokuphindaphinda kwamaza e-ultrasonic, ukwandiswa kwe-detector yesiphene, amandla okuhambisa, ukusebenza kweprobe, kunye nokuzinza kokunikezelwa kwamandla. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhanjiswa kakuhle kwamaza e-ultrasonic kwi-acoustic medium, indlela efanelekileyo yokudibanisa kufuneka yamkelwe. Oku kufuna ukuba uburhabaxa bomphezulu bokuphosa kufuneka bube nguRa≤12.5 μm. Ngelo xesha, ukwenzela ukutyebisa umoya kwi-gap, i-coupling fluid (amanzi, ioli yokuthambisa, ioli ye-transformer, iglasi yamanzi, njl.
Iimpawu zokufumanisa isiphene se-ultrasonic:
1. Ukuqonda okuphezulu. Ukufumanisa impazamo ye-Ultrasonic inokubona iimpawu zesiphene kunye ne-pulse reflection wave wave sound pressure ye-0.1% kuphela yesiganeko soxinzelelo lwesandi.
2. Ukuchaneka kwendawo ephezulu kunye nesisombululo esiphezulu
3. Ukusetyenziswa okunamandla kunye noluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa. Ukubona impazamo ye-Ultrasonic inokubona zonke iintlobo zokuphoswa ngaphandle kwe-austenitic steel castings.
4. Ixabiso eliphantsi, isantya esiphezulu kunye nobukhulu obukhulu bokubona.
Iimpawu zepulse kunye nenkcazo yemilo yeziphene ezahlukeneyo zangaphakathi zokuphosa kwisikrini sokubonisa:
1. Ukuqhekeka
I-Casting crack luhlobo lokuqhekeka kwentsimbi, equlethe igesi, inecala elithile, kwaye isasazwe ngokomgca. Xa ezi ziphene zifunyenwe ngokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic, ukuba zi-perpendicular kwi-beam yesandi, i-pulses ebonakalisiweyo iyabonakala, ibukhali kwaye inamandla. Kodwa xa ukusasazwa kwayo kuhambelana nomqadi wesandi, akukho lula ukufumaneka. Ngoko ke, xa kuhlolwa, kufuneka kuqikelelwe ukusuka kwiindlela ezininzi, ukwenzela ukuba iziphene zixhomekeke kwi-beam yesandi ukuya kwinqanaba elikhulu, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba kufumaneke ukuqhekeka kuhanjiswe kuzo zonke iinkalo.
2. Umngxuma wokuvuthela
Njengeentanda, imingxunya ekujuleni iqulethe igesi. Ujongano lokubonisa umngxuma womoya luhlala luhleli kwaye lugudileyo, ke xa umqadi wesandi ulungelelene ngokupheleleyo nojongano lwayo lokubonisa, iimpawu kunye nokumila kwe-pulse ebonakalisiweyo ziyafana nokuqhekeka, kwaye kuyabonakala, kubukhali kwaye kunamandla. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba imingxuma emininzi yokuvuthela iyisetyhula okanye i-elliptical, xa iprobe ihamba kancinci, i-pulse iyanyamalala ngoko nangoko. Xa i-probe ibona kuwo onke amacala, imingxuma yokuvuthela inokufunyanwa, kwaye iimpawu ze-pulse ebonakalisiweyo nazo zincinci. Oku akunjalo ngeentanda. Ngenxa yokuba ii-cracks zisasazwa ngokuhambelana nolwalathiso oluqinileyo, ii-pulses zabo ezibonakalisiweyo azipheli ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokuhamba kwe-probe, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, azikho zonke ezinokufumaneka xa zihlolwe kuzo zonke iindlela. Ngokusekelwe kwezi mpawu, sinokuhlula phakathi kweepores kunye nokuqhekeka.
3. Ukucutheka
I-shrinkage cavity iqulethe igesi, kwaye xa umphezulu wayo obonakalayo osebenzayo mkhulu kunomgangatho wesandi sokusasazwa kwesandi, indlela yesandi ibonakaliswe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ukubonakaliswa kwe-pulse esezantsi kuyasuswa. Iimpawu ze-pulse ebonakalisiweyo ye-shrinkage cavity nazo zicacile, zibukhali kwaye zomelele. Nangona kunjalo, ukongeza kule ndlela yokugweba ingentla, umgwebo weziphene ze-shrinkage cavity kufuneka usebenzise indlela yokubonisa i-multi-plane.
4. Ukubandakanywa kweSanti kunye ne-Slag Inclusion
Ukufakwa kwesanti kunye nokufakwa kwe-slag kubhekisela kwiintsimbi zetsimbi eziqulethe ixabiso elincinci legesi kunye ne-non-metallic inclusions. Oku kungcola kunempembelelo yokufunxa amandla esandi, kwaye ngenxa yokuba umphezulu obonakalisayo ungatshatanga kwaye ugudile, iimpawu zokubonakalisa i-pulse reflection ziphakathi kokucacileyo, okubukhali, okunamandla kunye nobumnyama, ukucotha kunye nokufutshane. Imeko yokugqibela yenzeka xa i-interface phakathi kokubandakanywa kunye nentsimbi ingaqhelekanga ngokungaqhelekanga kwaye ibambelele ngokuqinileyo kwintsimbi.
5. I-Shrinkage Porotity
Uphawu lwe-pulse reflection of shrinkage porosity kukuba akukho nto isezantsi ebonisa umphezulu we-pulse okanye i-pulse ebonisa isiphene, kodwa yinto enyakazelayo kumgca wokutshayela wesikrini sokubonisa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-24-2022