Ingcaciso
Iunyango lobushushuinkqubo yentsimbi ibhekisela kubushushu obuthile, ukugquma kunye neeparamitha zenkqubo yokupholisa yentsimbi ngexesha lokunyanga ukushisa, eziqulunqwe ngokomthetho wokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo sentsimbi ngexesha lokufudumala nokupholisa.
Ukuhlelwa
Ngokweendlela zokufudumeza kunye nokupholisa kunye nezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo kunye neepropathi ezifunyenweyo, inkqubo yokunyanga ubushushu yentsimbi inokwahlulwa ibe:
(1) Unyango oluqhelekileyo lobushushu (i-annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering)
(2) Unyango lobushushu obuphezulu (ukucima umphezulu kunye nonyango lobushushu bekhemikhali, njl.njl.)
(3) Unyango olukhethekileyo lobushushu (unyango lobushushu be-deformation, unyango lobushushu bomhlaba, njl.).
Ngokwendawo kunye nendima yonyango lobushushu kwinkqubo yokuhamba kwenxalenye yemveliso, unyango lobushushu lunokwahlulwa lube:
(1) Unyango lwangaphambili lobushushu, ngokuyininzi i-annealing, normalizing, njl.
(2) Ukunyanga kokugqibela kobushushu, ngokukodwa ukucima, ukufudumala, njl.
I-Anealing kunye nokuqhelekileyo kwentsimbi
Ukuhlaziya
Inkqubo yokufudumala kwentsimbi yokufudumeza ngesakhiwo esitenxileyo ukusuka kwimeko yokulinganisa ukuya kwiqondo lokushisa elifanelekileyo,
Ukuyigquma kangangexesha elithile, kwaye ke ngokucothayo ukuyipholisa ukuze ufumane isakhiwo esikufutshane nemeko yolungelelwaniso kubizwa ngokuba yi-annealing.
Injongo
Ukuphelisa iikristale ezinqabileyo zekholomu kunye neekristale ezilinganayo, ucokise iinkozo, ukunciphisa ubunzima, ukuphucula ukusebenza kokusika, kunye nokwenza isakhiwo sifane.
Ukuhlelwa
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeenkqubo zokuthambisa intsimbi, ezinokuthi zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini ngokobushushu bobushushu:
1. Isigaba sokuguqulwa kwecrystallization annealing, kubandakanywa ukuthululelwa okupheleleyo, ukufakwa okungaphelelanga,
i-spheroidizing annealing kunye ne-diffusion annealing.
2. I-Annealing engaphantsi kweqondo lokushisa elibalulekileyo, kubandakanywa i-recrystallization annealing kunye ne-stress relief annealing.
Ukwenziwa kwesiqhelo kunokuthathwa njengendlela ekhethekileyo yokucoca, kwaye indlela yokupholisa kukupholisa umoya.
1 Ukucoca ngokupheleleyo
I-annealing epheleleyo yinkqubo yonyango lobushushu efudumeza intsimbi ukuya kwi-30-50 ℃ ngaphezu kobushushu be-Ac3, igcina ubushushu ixesha elaneleyo, yenza ukuba ulwakhiwo luqinisekiswe ngokupheleleyo, emva koko lupholise kancinci ngesithando somlilo ukufumana inkqubo yonyango lobushushu kufutshane ne- ubume bokulingana.
Injongo kukucoca iinkozo, ukwenza ubumbano lwesakhiwo, ukuphelisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kunye neziphene zokulungisa ezishushu, ukunciphisa ubunzima, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kokusika kunye nokusebenza kweplastiki ebandayo.
Isakhiwo sifumana i-recrystallization, okwenza iinkozo zihlanjululwe, i-uniform yesakhiwo, kunye nesakhiwo se-Widmanstätten kunye nesakhiwo esidibeneyo sipheliswe. I-forging kunye neengxenye eziqengqelekayo, i-annealing epheleleyo icwangciswe emva kokuba i-workpiece ishushu ishushu kwaye ishushu iqengqeleke, kwaye ngaphambi kokusika: kwiindawo ezidityanisiweyo okanye ii-castings, zicwangciswa ngokubanzi emva kwe-welding kunye nokugalela (okanye emva kokusasazwa kwe-annealing).
Ubushushu bobushushu kunye nexesha Ubushushu bukholisa ukuba ngama-20-30℃ ngaphezu kwe-Ac3. Ixesha lokubamba i-annealing alixhomekanga kuphela kwixesha elifunekayo ukuze i-workpiece itshise (oko kukuthi, i-core of workpiece ifikelela kwiqondo lokushisa elifunekayo), kodwa nakwixesha elifunekayo lokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo. Ixesha elipheleleyo lokubamba i-annealing lihambelana nokubunjwa kweekhemikhali zetsimbi, imilo kunye nobukhulu bomsebenzi womsebenzi, uhlobo lwezixhobo zokufudumeza, ubungakanani bokulayishwa kwesithando somlilo kunye nendlela yokulayisha. Ngokuqhelekileyo ixesha lokufudumala libalwa ngokusekelwe kubunzima obusebenzayo be-workpiece.
Indlela yokupholisa Ukupholisa iziko,i-carbon steel castings<200 ℃/h, ephantsii-alloy steel castings<100 ℃/h, intsimbi ephezulu ye-alloy <50 ℃/h. Ubushushu besithando somlilo <600 ℃.
Umbutho:I-Lamellar pearlite
Inkqubo ye-anealing ye-carbon steel castings kunye nokuqina emva kokufakwa
Umxholo weCarbon (%) | Iqondo lobushushu | ukugcinwa kobushushu | Indlela yokupholisa | Ukuqina(HB) | |
Ubunzima bodonga lwee-castings / mm | ixesha / iyure | ||||
0.10-0.20 | 910-880 | <30 | 1 | i-furnace iphola ukuya kuma-620 ℃——ipholile emoyeni | 115-143 |
0.20-0.30 | 880-850 | <30 | 1 | i-furnace iphola ukuya kuma-620 ℃——ipholile emoyeni | 133-156 |
0.30-0.40 | 850-820 | >30 | Njalo ukwanda kwe-30 mm, yongeza iyure eli-1 | i-furnace iphola ukuya kuma-620 ℃——ipholile emoyeni | 143-178 |
0.40-0.50 | 820-800 | >30 | Njalo ukwanda kwe-30 mm, yongeza iyure eli-1 | i-furnace iphola ukuya kuma-620 ℃——ipholile emoyeni | 156-217 |
0.50-0.60 | 800-780 | >30 | Njalo ukwanda kwe-30 mm, yongeza iyure eli-1 | i-furnace iphola ukuya kuma-620 ℃——ipholile emoyeni | 187-230 |
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-13-2024