Njengenkqubo yokuvelisa esisiseko kunye nembali yeminyaka engama-6000, itekhnoloji yokuphosa inembali ende kuphela, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ithathe ubuchwephesha obutsha, izinto ezintsha kunye neenkqubo ezintsha eziphuhliswe kwisayensi yanamhlanje ngexesha. Sinoxanduva lokuqhubela phambili eli shishini lemveliso lisisiseko. La manqaku alandelayo ezinye zeengcinga zethu malunga nophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lwenkqubo yokuphosa isanti.
Ithekhnoloji yeFryry iyaphuhliswa mayela nokonga umbane kunye nokugcina izinto
Kwinkqubo yokuphosa imveliso, isixa esikhulu samandla siyasetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokunyibilikisa isinyithi. Kwangelo xesha, imfuno yezinto ezisetyenziswayo kwinkqubo yokuphosa isanti nayo inkulu. Ke ngoko, indlela yokonga amandla kunye nezixhobo ngumba ophambili ojamelene nezityalo zesanti. Amanyathelo asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo abandakanya:
1) Lungiselela ukubumba kwesanti okuqhubela phambili, itekhnoloji yokwenza isiseko kunye nezixhobo. Kwinkqubo yokuphosa isanti, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, uxinzelelo lwe-tuli, uxinzelelo lwenaliti kunye nezixhobo zokubetha umoya kufuneka zisetyenziswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kwaye kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba usebenzise isanti yokuziqinisa, ukulahlwa kwe-foam, ukulahla i-vacuum kunye nokuphosa okhethekileyo (njengokuphosa utyalo mali, ukubumba isinyithi) kunye nezinye iitekhnoloji.
2) Ukubuyiselwa kwesanti kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona. Xa uphosa iinxalenye zesinyithi ezingadibaniyo, ukubekwa kwentsimbi kunye nokuphosa intsimbi, ngokweqondo lobushushu besanti, isantya sokubuyisa isanti endala esingumatshini sinokufikelela kuma-90%. Phakathi kwabo, indibaniselwano yokurisayikilisha kwesanti kunye nokuhlaziywa kwakhona okumanzi yeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo kunye nexabiso eliphantsi.
3) Ukurisayikilisha kwezinto zokubambelela. Umzekelo, ukuba ukulahlwa kugxothwe ngendlela eyomileyo kwaye isincamathelisi sihlala esantini, inkqubo efanelekileyo inokwenza ukuba isincamatheliso siphinde sisetyenziswe, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe kakhulu indleko zokuncamathela.
4) Ukuvuselelwa komngundo kunye nezinto zokubumba.
2 Ungcoliseko oluncinci okanye akukho kungcoliseka
Isiseko sokuphosa isanti sivelisa amanzi amaninzi amdaka, igesi yenkunkuma kunye nothuli ngexesha lokuvelisa. Ke ngoko, isiseko asisiyo kuphela indlu enkulu yokutya amandla, kodwa ikwangumthombo omkhulu wongcoliseko. Ngokukodwa e-China, ungcoliseko kwii-Foundries lubaluleke kakhulu kunakwamanye amazwe. Phakathi kwazo, uthuli, umoya kunye nenkunkuma eqinileyo ekhutshwe kwizityalo zokuphosa isanti zezona zibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokukodwa kule minyaka idlulileyo, imigaqo-nkqubo yokhuselo lokusingqongileyo e-China iye yangqongqo ngakumbi, kwaye iziseko kuye kwafuneka zithathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okulawula ungcoliseko. Ukufezekisa ukuveliswa okuluhlaza nokucocekileyo kokuphosa isanti, iibopha eziluhlaza ezingaphiliyo kufuneka zisetyenziswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka, okanye ngaphantsi okanye kungasetyenziswanga zibopha. Phakathi kwenkqubo yokuphosa isanti okwangoku ebandakanyekayo, ukulahleka kwe-foam ukulahleka, inkqubo ye-V yokuphosa kunye ne-sodium silicate yokuphosa isanti zihambelana nokusingqongileyo. Ngenxa yokuba ukulahleka kwe-foam ukulahleka kunye ne-V inkqubo yokuphosa isebenzisa isanti eyomileyo engadingi zibophelelo, ngelixa i-sodium silicate sand castling isebenzisa i-organic binders.
Ukuchaneka okuphezulu okuphezulu kunye nejometri yokuphosa
Ngokuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yokuchaneka kokuphosa iindawo ezingenanto, ukuchaneka kwejometri kunye nobukhulu besahlulo senxalenye sikhula kufutshane nemilo yomnatha yokwenza imilo ye-forminig, oko kukuthi, phantse akukho mda wokwenza umda. Umahluko phakathi kokuphosa okungenanto kunye neendawo ezifunekayo ziya zincipha kwaye zincinci. Emva kokuba ezinye iindawo ezingenanto zenziwe, ziye zasondela okanye zafikelela kubume bokugqibela kunye nobungakanani bamalungu, kwaye zinokudityaniswa ngqo emva kokuguba.
4 Zincinci okanye akukho ziphene
Esinye isalathisi sokuphosa uburhabaxa kunye neenxalenye zokwenza inqanaba linani, ubungakanani kunye nomonakalo wokuphosa iziphene. Ngenxa yokuba iinkqubo ezishushu ezisebenzayo kunye nezentsimbi zinzima kakhulu kwaye zichaphazeleka kwizinto ezininzi, ukulahla iziphene kunzima ukuziphepha. Nangona kunjalo, zimbalwa okanye azikho iziphene ezihamba phambili kwikamva. Kukho amanyathelo afanelekileyo:
1) Sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bokunyusa uxinano lwesakhiwo se-alloy kwaye ubeke isiseko sokufumana isandi.
2) Sebenzisa isoftware yokuphosa ukulingisa ukulingisa eyona nkqubo yokuphosa kwinqanaba loyilo kwangaphambili. Ngokweziphumo zokulinganisa, uyilo lwenkqubo luyilelisiwe ukuze lubone impumelelo yexesha elinye lokubumba kunye nokulingwa kwetyala.
3) Yomeleza inkqubo yokujonga kunye nokwenza imisebenzi ngokungqongqo ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo emiselweyo yokusebenza.
4) Ukomeleza uvavanyo olungonakalisi kwinkqubo yemveliso, fumana iindawo ezikumgangatho ofanelekileyo ngexesha kwaye uthabathe amanyathelo okulungisa kunye nokuphucula.
5) Chonga ixabiso lesiphene esibalulekileyo ngophando kunye nokuvavanywa kokhuseleko nokuthembeka kwamalungu.
Imveliso elula ye-castings.
Kwimveliso yeenqwelo zabakhweli, iilori, kunye nezinye izixhobo zothutho, indlela yokunciphisa ubunzima bezinto ngelixa uqinisekisa ukomelela kweendawo ziba yinto ebonakalayo ebonakalayo. Zimbini izinto eziphambili zokufezekisa ukunciphisa ubunzima. Enye kukusebenzisa izinto eziluhlaza eziluhlaza, kwaye enye ukunciphisa ubunzima bezinto kuyilo loyilo lwamalungu. Ngenxa yokuba ukutyibilika kwesanti kunokuguquguquka okukhulu kuyilo lolwakhiwo, kwaye zininzi izinto zemveli kunye nezinto zentsimbi ezintsha onokukhetha kuzo, ukuphosa isanti kunokudlala indima enkulu kwimveliso elula.
Ukusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha njengokushicilela i-3D ekwenziweni komngundo
Ngophuhliso kunye nokuvuthwa kwetekhnoloji yoshicilelo ye-3D, ikwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngakumbi kwicandelo lokuphosa. Xa kuthelekiswa nophuhliso ngumngundo zemveli, 3D technology yoshicilelo ngokukhawuleza ukuvelisa ngumngundo ezifunekayo ngexabiso eliphantsi. Njengobuchwephesha bokukhuphela ngokukhawuleza, ukushicilelwa kwe-3D kunganika umdlalo opheleleyo kwizibonelelo zayo kwimveliso yesampulu kunye namanqanaba amancinci ebhetshi.
Ixesha leposi: Dec-25-2020