Intsimbi yentsimbi ibhekisa kwisinyithi esisetyenziselwa ukwenziwa iintsimbi ezilahliweyo. Isinyithi sokuphosa kufuneka sisetyenziswe xa amandla okulahla ephezulu kakhulu kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwesinyithi akunakuhlangabezana neemfuno. Nangona kunjalo, ukutyibilika kwesinyithi esityhidiweyo sesinyithi akulunganga njengaleyo yentsimbi, ngoko ke ubukhulu besakhiwo esithululelayo akufuneki bube buncinci kwaye imilo akufuneki ibe nzima kakhulu. Xa umxholo we-silicon ulawulwa kumda ophezulu, i-fluidity yentsimbi etyhidiweyo inokuphuculwa.
Isinyithi sakwahlulahlulwa senziwe ngentsimbi ye-alloy yentsimbi kunye nekhabhoni yentsimbi ngokobume bayo, kwaye inokwahlulwa ibe sisixhobo sesinyithi, inkcenkce yentsimbi ekhethekileyo, ubunjineli kunye nolwakhiwo lwesinyithi kunye nentsimbi ye-alloy yensimbi ngokweempawu zayo.
Ngokwenziwa kweekhemikhali
1. Isamente yentsimbi. Intsimbi yentsimbi nekhabhoni njengezona zinto ziphambili zokuthambisa kunye nenani elincinci lezinye izinto. Isinyithi sekhabhoni singahlulahlulwa sibe yintsimbi yentsimbi ephantsi. Umxholo wekhabhoni yentsimbi yentsimbi ephantsi ingaphantsi kwe-0.25%, umxholo wekhabhoni yentsimbi yentsimbi uphakathi kwe-0.25% kunye ne-0.60%, kwaye umxholo wekhabhoni yentsimbi yekhabhoni ephezulu iphakathi kwe-0.6% kunye ne-3.0%. Amandla kunye nobulukhuni bentsimbi yentsimbi eyonyukayo inyuka ngokunyuka komxholo wekhabhoni. Isinyithi sekhabhoni yentsimbi inezi zinto zilandelayo: iindleko zokuvelisa eziphantsi, amandla aphezulu, ubunzima obungcono kunye neplastikhi ephezulu. Isinyithi sekhabhoni yentsimbi inokusetyenziselwa ukwenza izinto ezithwala imithwalo enzima, ezinje ngeentsimbi zokugaya intsimbi kunye neziseko zokucinezela ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi koomatshini abanzima. Ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iinxalenye eziphantsi kwemikhosi emikhulu kunye nefuthe, ezinje ngamavili, ii-couplers, bolsters kunye neefreyimu ezisecaleni kwizithuthi zikaloliwe.
2. Cast intsimbi ingxubevange. I-alloy yentsimbi eyahlulayo inokwahlulahlulwa ibe yintsimbi ephantsi (izinto ezingumlinganiso zizonke zingaphantsi okanye zilingane no-5%), yenza i-alloy yentsimbi (izinto zizonke ze-alloy zi-5% ukuya kwi-10%) kwaye ziphose ingxubevange yentsimbi (ingxubevange iyonke izinto zingaphezulu okanye zilingana ne-10%).
Ngokusebenzisa iimpawu
1.Ukuphosa isixhobo sensimbi. Isixhobo sesinyithi singahlulahlulwa sibe sisixhobo sentsimbi kunye nesinyithi sokubumba.
2. Ukuphosa intsimbi ekhethekileyo. Ukuphosa isinyithi esikhethekileyo sinokuhlulwa ngentsimbi engenasici, yenza isinyithi esinganyangekiyo, isinyithi esinxibayo esinxibayo, isinyithi esisekwe kwi-nickel, njl.
3. Yenza intsimbi yobunjineli kunye nolwakhiwo. Isinyithi sokuphosa ubunjineli kunye nesakhiwo sinokuhlulwa sibe yintsimbi yentsimbi eyakhiwe kunye nentsimbi eyilahlayo.
4. Cast intsimbi ingxubevange. Unokuhlulwa ube yintsimbi ephantsi, uphose isinyithi esiphakathi kwaye uphose intsimbi ephezulu.
I-304 kunye ne-316 yensimbi yentsimbi zezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu ngaphandle kwentsimbi iziseko zentsimbi. Zombini zi-austenitic cast steels, ezingezizo ezamazibuthe okanye ezibuthathaka ngombane. I-430, 403, kunye ne-410 zii-austenitic-ferritic insimbi ezingenazintsimbi kunye neepropathi zemagnethi.
Kwimveliso yentsimbi yentsimbi, ukunyibilikisa isinyithi yinkqubo ephambili. Phambi kokuba kugalelwe, kufuneka uhlalutyo lwangaphambi kwesithando somlilo. Umyinge wento nganye yemichiza kufuneka uhlangane neemfuno zabathengi kunye nokusetyenziswa okusebenzayo.
Ukonyusa isantya sokunyibilikisa kunye nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wokuphosa, ii-ingots ezinesimbumbulu sokukora zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi phesheya. Nangona kunjalo, kwiziseko zaseTshayina, izinto zentsimbi ezisetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa zahlulwe zaziindidi ezimbini: izinto ezenziwe ngokutsha kwezinto ezisetyenziswayo nezenziwe ngokutsha. Izinto ezirisayikilishweyo zibhekisele kwinkqubo yokuphalaza kunye nokunyuka kwezinto ezilahliweyo, ezilahliweyo ezilahliweyo, njl. , okanye izinto ezirisayikilisheki kufuneka zinyibilikiswe kwaye zigalelwe ii-ingots ukuze zisetyenziswe.
Izinto ezintsha zii-ingots ezenziwe ngamanqanaba athile emivalo yentsimbi okanye izinto ezilahliweyo, kunye ne-ferroalloys esetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo kunye nezinto zentsimbi ezimsulwa. Imivalo yentsimbi kunye ne-ingots yamabakala athile kufuneka ihlalutywe ukwakhiwa kwaye ihlangane nemigangatho, kwaye ubungakanani beemivalo kufuneka buhambelane nobukhulu besithando sombane kunye ne-crucible.
▶ Izinto zokwenza izinto zentsimbi yentsimbi ngokomgangatho oqhelekileyo okanye ngokwenziwa kweekhemikhali kunye neepropathi zoomatshini.
• Intsimbi yeCarbon: AISI 1020 - AISI 1060,
IiAlloys zentsimbi: ZG20SiMn, ZG30SiMn, ZG30CrMo, ZG35CrMo, ZG35SiMn, ZG35CrMnSi, ZG40Mn, ZG40Cr, ZG42Cr, ZG42CrMo ... njl njl ngokwesicelo.
• Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo: I-AISI 304, i-AISI 304L, i-AISI 316, i-AISI 316L, i-1.4404, i-1.4301 kunye nelinye ibakala lesinyithi.
▶ Amandla oLuhlu lweSanti ekubunjweni ngesandla:
Ubungakanani beMax: 1,500 mm × 1000 mm × 500 mm
Ubunzima bobunzima: 0.5 kg - 500 kg
• Amandla oNyaka: iitoni ezingama-5 000 - iitoni ezingama-6,000
• Ukunyamezelana: Kwisicelo.
▶ Isakhono sokuphosa isanti ngoomatshini bokubumba abazenzekelayo:
Ubungakanani beMax: 1,000 mm × 800 mm × 500 mm
Ubunzima bobunzima: 0.5 kg - 500 kg
• Amandla oNyaka: iitoni ezingama-8,000 - iitoni ezili-10 000
• Ukunyamezelana: Kwisicelo.
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Intsimbi yeCarbon Cast
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| Hayi. | China | Japhan | i-USA | ISO | Jemani | Fransi | IRashiya гост | IBritani | ||
| I-GB | JIS | I-ASTM | I-UNS | DIN | W-Nr. | I-NF | BS | |||
| 1 | I-ZG200-400 (iZG15) | I-SC410 (SC42) | 415-205 (60-30) | J03000 | 200-400 | I-GS-38 | 1.0416 | - | 15л | - |
| 2 | I-ZG230-450 (iZG25) | I-SC450 (SC46) | 450-240 965-35) | J03101 | 230-450 | GS-45 | 1.0446 | GE230 | 25л | A1 |
| 3 | I-ZG270-500 (ZG35) | I-SC480 (SC49) | 485-275 (70-40) | J02501 | 270-480 | GS-52 | 1.0552 | GE280 | 35л | A2 |
| 4 | ZG310-570 (iZG45) | I-SCC5 | (80-40) | J05002 | - | I-GS-60 | 1.0558 | GE320 | 45л | - |
| 5 | I-ZG340-640 (iZG55) | - | - | J05000 | 340-550 | - | - | GE370 | - | A5 |
