I-exhaust manifold iqhagamshelwe kwibhlokhi ye-cylinder ye-injini, kwaye iqokelela umbhobho we-cylinder nganye kwaye iwukhokele kumbhobho ophambili wokukhupha onemibhobho eyahlukileyo. Imfuneko ephambili kuyo kukunciphisa ukuchasana nokukhupha kwaye ugweme ukuphazamiseka phakathi kweesilinda. Xa i-exhaust igxininiswe kakhulu, kuya kubakho ukuphazamiseka phakathi kweesilinda, oko kukuthi, xa i-cylinder ikhupha, ibetha nje i-gas ephumayo engakhange iphele ngokupheleleyo kwezinye iisilinda. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuxhathisa ukukhupha kuya kwanda, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe amandla emveliso ye-injini. Isisombululo kule ngxaki kukwahlula ukukhupha kwe-cylinder nganye kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kunye nesebe elinye kwi-cylinder nganye, okanye isebe elinye leesilinda ezimbini, kwaye wenze isebe ngalinye libe lide kangangoko kwaye libunjwe ngokuzimeleyo ukunciphisa impembelelo efanayo yeegesi. kwimibhobho eyahlukeneyo.
Ubuninzi bokukhupha kufuneka buthathele ingqalelo ukusebenza kwamandla enjini, ukusebenza kwe-injini kuqoqosho lwamafutha, imigangatho yokukhupha, ixabiso le-injini, ukuthelekisa ubume bekhabhini yemoto engaphambili kunye nebala lobushushu, njl. njl. Imibhobho yokukhupha eqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiinjini ngoku yahlulwe yangamatyeli esinyithi atyhidiweyo kwaye. manifolds steel stainless ngokwemiqathango yemathiriyeli. Ukusuka kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, i-exhaust manifold ibonwa ngokuphosa inkqubo, ngakumbi ngeukulahlwa kwewax elahlekileyongenxa yobume bazo obuntsonkothileyo.
Iimfuno zokuphuma kobuninzi
1. Ukumelana kakuhle ne-oxidation ephezulu yobushushu
I-exhaust manifold isebenza phantsi kotshintsho lwebhayisikile yobushushu obuphezulu ixesha elide. Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-oxidation yezinto eziphantsi kobushushu obuphezulu buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubomi benkonzo ye-manifold exhaust. Intsimbi yentsimbi eqhelekileyo ngokucacileyo ayinakuhlangabezana neemfuno, kwaye izinto ze-alloy kufuneka zongezwe kwizinto eziphathekayo ukuze kuphuculwe ukuxhathisa kwe-oxidation ephezulu yokushisa kwezinto.
2. I-microstructure ezinzileyo
Kuluhlu olusuka kwiqondo lokushisa ukuya kwiqondo lokushisa lokusebenza, izinto eziphathekayo akufanele zitshintshe isigaba okanye zinciphise utshintsho lwesigaba kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngenxa yokuba utshintsho lwesigaba luya kubangela ukuguqulwa kwevolumu, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi okanye ukuguqulwa, okuchaphazela ukusebenza kunye nobomi bemveliso. Ngoko ke, izinto ze-matrix zikhethwa ukuba zibe yi-ferrite ezinzileyo okanye isakhiwo se-austenite. Ifomu yokutshatyalaliswa kweengxenye zetsimbi ezisebenza phantsi kweemeko eziphezulu zokushisa zibonakaliswa ikakhulu njenge-corrosion phantsi kweemeko eziphezulu zokushisa. Emva kokuba izigaba ezidibeneyo kwintlangano i-oxidized (efana nekhabhoni yegraphite), umthamo we-oxide mkhulu kunomthamo wokuqala, obangela ukwanda okungenakuguqulwa kokuphosa. Xa kuthelekiswa neendlela ezintathu zegraphite zeflake, intshulube kunye nengqukuva, intsimbi etyhidiweyo enegrafu engqukuva inelona qondo liphezulu lokumelana nobushushu. Isizathu sesokuba ngexesha lokuqina kwesinyithi, i-flake graphite ikhula njengenqanaba eliphambili. Ekupheleni kokuqina kwe-eutectic, igraphite kwiqela ngalinye le-eutectic yenza i-branched eqhubekayo ye-dimensional form. Kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, xa ioksijini ihlasela isinyithi, i-graphite i-oxidized ukuze yenze i-channel microscopic, ekhawuleza inkqubo ye-oxidation. Xa igraphite nucleates ingqukuva, ikhula iye kumlinganiselo othile iyodwa kwaye ijikelezwe yimatrix. Ikho njengebhola eyedwa. Emva kokuba ibhola yegraphite i-oxidized, akukho tshaneli eyenziweyo, ngaloo ndlela yenza buthathaka ngakumbi i-oxidation. Ngoko ke, ukuchasana nokushisa okuphezulu kwe-oxidation yensimbi ye-ductile kungcono kunezinye iifom ze-graphite, kwaye imingxuma ene-oxidized inefuthe elincinci kumandla okushisa aphezulu ensimbi kunezinye iindlela zegraphite. Igraphite yeVermicular iphakathi kwezi zimbini.
3. I-coefficient yokwandiswa kwe-thermal encinci
I-coefficient encinci yokwandisa i-thermal inceda ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo lwe-thermal kunye ne-thermal deformation ye-exhaust manifold, kwaye ilungele ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nobomi benkonzo yemveliso.
4. Amandla aphezulu obushushu obuphezulu
Kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno zamandla eziyimfuneko zemveliso xa isetyenziswe kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu.
5. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo kunye neendleko eziphantsi
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezixhobo zetsimbi ezikwazi ukumelana nobushushu kunye nobushushu obuphezulu, kodwa ngenxa yobume obuntsonkothileyo bombhobho wokukhupha, izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza umzobo wokukhupha kufuneka zibe nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo, kwaye iindleko zayo kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno zobunzima. imveliso kushishino lweemoto.
