Njengenkqubo yokuvelisa eyisiseko enembali yeminyaka engama-6000, itekhnoloji yokuphosa ayinayo imbali ende nje kuphela, kodwa kwangaxeshanye iye yafunxa ubugcisa obutsha, izinto ezintsha kunye neenkqubo ezintsha eziphuhliswe kwisayensi yanamhlanje ngexesha. Sinoxanduva lokuqhubela phambili olu shishino lwemveliso olusisiseko. La manqaku alandelayo zezinye zeengcinga zethu zekamva lophuhliso lwenkqubo yokugalela isanti.
1 Itekhnoloji ye-Foundry iphuhlisa ugcino lwamandla kunye nokugcinwa kwezinto
Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa imveliso, umthamo omkhulu wamandla usetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokunyibilikisa isinyithi. Kwangaxeshanye, imfuno yezinto ezisetyenziswayo kwinkqubo yokugalela isanti nayo inkulu. Ngoko ke, indlela yokulondoloza ngcono amandla kunye nezixhobo ngumba omkhulu ojongene nezityalo zokulahla isanti. Amanyathelo asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo aquka:
1) Yamkela ukubunjwa kwesanti ephezulu, iteknoloji yokwenza i-core kunye nezixhobo. Kwiinkqubo yokuvelisa isanti, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, uxinzelelo lwe-static, uxinzelelo lwenaliti kunye nezixhobo zokubetha umoya kufuneka zisetyenziswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kwaye kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa isanti ezenza lukhuni,ukuphosa amagwebu, ukuphoswa kwevacuum kunye nokuphosa okukhethekileyo (okufanautyalo mali, ukubunjwa kwesinyithi) kunye nobunye ubuchwepheshe.
2) Ukubuyiselwa kwesanti kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona. Xa uphosa iinxalenye zetsimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous, i-iron castings kunye ne-castings yensimbi, ngokuhambelana nobushushu be-sintering yesanti, isantya sokubuyisela isanti ehlaziyiweyo ngoomatshini inokufikelela kwi-90%. Phakathi kwabo, indibaniselwano yokuhlaziywa kwesanti kunye nokuvuselelwa okumanzi yeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo kunye neendleko.
3) Ukurisayikilishwa kwezinto zokuncamathelisa. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba i-casting i-de-cored ngendlela eyomileyo kwaye i-adhesive ihleli esantini, inkqubo efanelekileyo inokwenza ukuba i-adhesive isetyenziswe kwakhona, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa kakhulu indleko ye-adhesive.
4) Ukuhlaziywa kwesikhunta kunye nezixhobo zokubumba.
2 Ungcoliseko oluncinci okanye kungabikho ngcoliseko
Indawo yokugalela isanti ivelisa amanzi amdaka amaninzi, irhasi eyinkunkuma kunye nothuli ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa. Ke ngoko, i-Foundry ayisiyiyo kuphela indlu enkulu edla amandla, kodwa ikwangumthombo omkhulu wongcoliseko. Ngokukodwa e-China, ungcoliseko kwiziseko lunzulu kakhulu kunakwamanye amazwe. Phakathi kwazo, uthuli, umoya kunye nenkunkuma eqinileyo ekhutshwe kwizityalo zokulahla isanti zezona zibi kakhulu. Ingakumbi kule minyaka yakutshanje, imigaqo-nkqubo yaseTshayina yokhuseleko lwemekobume iye yaqina ngakumbi nangakumbi, kwaye abasunguli kuye kwafuneka bathabathe amanyathelo asebenzayo okulawula ungcoliseko. Ukufezekisa imveliso eluhlaza kunye necocekileyo yokuphosa isanti, izibophelelo eziluhlaza kufuneka zisetyenziswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka, okanye ngaphantsi okanye kungabikho izibophelelo kufuneka zisetyenziswe. Phakathi kweenkqubo zokuphosa isanti ezibandakanyekayo ngoku, ukuphosa ugwebu olulahlekileyo, ukuphosa inkqubo ye-V kunye nokuphosa isanti ye-sodium silicate kuhambelana nokusingqongileyo. Ngenxa yokuba ukuphoswa kwe-foam elahlekileyo kunye ne-V inkqubo yokuphosa isebenzisa imodeli yesanti eyomileyo engadingi izibophelelo, ngelixa isanti ye-sodium silicate casting isebenzisa izibophelelo eziphilayo.
3 Umgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuchaneka kwejometri yokuphosa
Ngophuhliso lwenkqubo yokuyila echanekileyo yokuphosa izikhewu, ukuchaneka kwegemomethiki kunye nobukhulu bokwakheka kwenxalenye buyaphuhla ukusuka kufutshane nokubunjwa komnatha ukuya kwimilo yenethi ye-forminig, oko kukuthi, phantse akukho mida yakwenza. Umahluko phakathi kokuphosa okungenanto kunye neendawo ezifunekayo ziya zincinci kwaye zincinci. Emva kokuba ezinye iindawo ezingenanto zenziwe, ziye zasondela okanye zafikelela kwimilo yokugqibela kunye nobukhulu beendawo, kwaye zinokuhlanganiswa ngokuthe ngqo emva kokugaya.
4 Iziphene zincinci okanye azikho
Esinye isalathisi sokuphosa uburhabaxa kunye namalungu okwenza inqanaba linani, ubungakanani kunye nomonakalo wokuphosa iziphene. Ngenxa yokuba ukusebenza okutshisayo kunye neenkqubo zokuphosa isinyithi zinzima kakhulu kwaye zichatshazelwa yizinto ezininzi, ukuphosa iziphene kunzima ukuphepha. Nangona kunjalo, zimbalwa okanye zingabikho iziphene kwikamva. Kukho imilinganiselo emininzi esebenzayo:
1) Yamkela itekhnoloji ephucukileyo yokwandisa ukuxinana kwesakhiwo se-alloy kwaye ubeke isiseko sokufumana isandi.
2) Sebenzisa isoftware yokulinganisa ukuphosa ukulinganisa eyona nkqubo yokuphosa kwinqanaba loyilo kwangaphambili. Ngokweziphumo zokulinganisa, uyilo lwenkqubo luphuculwe ukuqonda impumelelo yexesha elinye lokubumba kunye novavanyo lokubumba.
3) Yomeleza inkqubo yokubeka iliso kwaye wenze imisebenzi ngokungqongqo ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo yokusebenza emiselweyo.
I-4) Ukuqinisa uvavanyo olungonakalisi kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, fumana iinxalenye ezingaphandle kwexesha kwaye uthathe amanyathelo ahambelanayo okulungisa kunye nokuphucula.
5) Qinisekisa ixabiso elibalulekileyo lesiphako ngophando kunye novavanyo lokhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwamacandelo.
5 Imveliso ekhaphukhaphu yokuphosa.
Kwimveliso yeemoto zabahambi,iilori, kunye nezinye izixhobo zothutho, indlela yokunciphisa ubunzima bamacandelo ngelixa uqinisekisa ukomelela kwamalungu kuyindlela ebonakalayo ebonakalayo. Kukho imiba emibini ephambili yokufezekisa ukunciphisa umzimba. Enye kukusebenzisa imathiriyeli ekrwada ekhanyayo, kwaye enye kukunciphisa ubunzima bamalungu ukusuka kuyilo lwesakhiwo samalungu. Ngokubaukuchithwa kwesantiube nokuguquguquka okukhulu kuyilo lolwakhiwo, kwaye kukho nezinto ezininzi zentsimbi zemveli kunye nezintsha onokukhetha kuzo, ukuphosa isanti kunokudlala indima enkulu kwimveliso ekhaphukhaphu.
6 Ukusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha obufana noshicilelo lwe-3D ekwenzeni umngundo
Ngophuhliso kunye nokuvuthwa kweteknoloji yoshicilelo lwe-3D, iphinda isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwintsimi yokuphosa. Xa kuthelekiswa nophuhliso lokungunda lwemveli, itekhnoloji yoshicilelo lwe-3D inokuvelisa ngokukhawuleza iimbumba ezifunekayo ngexabiso eliphantsi. Njengobuchwephesha beprototyping ekhawulezayo, ushicilelo lwe-3D lunokunika ukudlala ngokupheleleyo kwiinzuzo zalo kwimveliso yovavanyo lwesampulu kunye nezigaba ezincinci zebhetshi zokusa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-25-2020