304 Intsimbi engatyiwa

I-304 insimbi engenasici yinqanaba lensimbi engenasici eveliswa ngokwemigangatho ye-ASTM yaseMelika. Phakathi kwazo zonke izinto zensimbi ezingenasici, i-304 insimbi engenasici iphantse ibe yinqanaba eliqhelekileyo. Ubuninzi bentsimbi ye-304 yi-7.93 g/cm³. Igama lobuchwephesha be-304 yensimbi engenasici ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-18/8 yensimbi engenasici, kuba iqulethe ngaphezu kwe-18% ye-chromium kunye ne-nickel engaphezu kwe-8%. I-304 insimbi engenasici iyamelana nobushushu obuphezulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-800 ℃), kwaye ineempawu zokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuqina okuphezulu. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini, kwishishini lokuhombisa ifanitshala kunye nokutya kunye neshishini lezonyango. Kumgangatho we-ASTM A351, i-CF8 ilingana ne-304 yensimbi engenasici.

 

Igama lesiTshayina	304不锈钢/06Cr19Ni10 (GB/T 3280-2015)	Izinto eziphambili zengxubevange	Ewe, Mo
Igama lesiNgesi	I-AISI 304 iStainless Steel, i-AISI 304 SS	Ukusebenza kweMagnetic	Umazibuthe obuthathaka, emva kokusebenza okubandayo njengokuzolula okanye ukunyathela, imagnethi iya kuba namandla (inokutsalwa ziimagnethi)
Amanye Amagama	I-SUS 304 SS (JIS G4303) okanye i-18-8 SS	Iimpawu	Ukumelana nokubola (akukhuselekanga ngokupheleleyo kwi-corrosion), ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukuqina okulungileyo
Ulwakhiwo lweMetallographic	Austenite

 

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukutya-ibakala le-304 insimbi engenasici inezikhombisi ezingqongqo zomxholo kunesiqhelo se-304 yensimbi engenasici. Umzekelo: inkcazo ngamazwe 304 steel stainless ngokusisiseko 18% -20% chromium kunye 8% -10% nickel, kodwa ukutya-grade 304 steel stainless yi-18% chromium kunye 8% nickel, nto leyo evumelekileyo ukuba. ziguquguquka phakathi koluhlu oluthile, kwaye Nciphisa umxholo weentsimbi ezininzi ezinzima. Ngamanye amazwi, i-304 insimbi engenasici ayililo ibakala lokutya lama-304

Iindlela zokulebula eziqhelekileyo kwiimarike ziquka i-06Cr19Ni10 kunye ne-SUS 304, apho i-06Cr19Ni10 ithetha ngokubanzi imveliso esemgangathweni yesizwe (GB/T 3280-2015), i-AISI 304 ngokuqhelekileyo ithetha imveliso esemgangathweni ye-ASTM, kunye ne-SUS 304 ithetha imveliso esemgangathweni yaseJapan.

I-304 yinjongo eqhelekileyo yensimbi engenasici esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukwenza izixhobo kunye neengxenye ezifuna ukudibanisa okulungileyo kweepropati (ukumelana nokubola kunye nokubumba). Ukuze kugcinwe ukuxhathisa kwayo kwemvelo, kufuneka iqulethe ngaphezu kwe-18% yechromium kunye ne-nickel engaphezu kwe-8%.

I-American Iron and Steel Institute isebenzisa amanani amathathu ukutyumba amanqanaba ahlukeneyo asemgangathweni yentsimbi engenakusulungeka. kwi:
1. Iintsimbi ze-Austenitic ezingenasici zityunjwe ngamanani kwi-200 kunye ne-300 series. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye zeentsimbi ze-austenitic eziqhelekileyo zityunjwe ngu-201, 304, 316 kunye no-310.
2. Iintsimbi ze-Ferritic kunye ne-martensitic ezingenasici zimelwe ngamanani angama-400.
3. I-Ferritic insimbi engenasici imelwe yi-430 kunye ne-446. I-Martensitic stainless steels imelwe yi-410, 420 kunye ne-440C. ,
4. I-Duplex (i-austenitic-ferritic) i-stainless steels, i-precipitation iqinisa i-stainless steels, kunye ne-alloys ephezulu engaphantsi kwe-50% yesinyithi idla ngokutyunjwa ngamagama asemthethweni okanye athengiswayo.

Kwi-304 yensimbi engenasici, i-Ni element ekubunjweni kwayo ibaluleke kakhulu, echaza ngokuthe ngqo ukuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion ye-304 yensimbi engenasici kunye nexabiso layo. Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kwi-304 ziyi-Ni kunye ne-Cr, kodwa azikhawulelwanga kwezi zinto zimbini. Iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zichazwe ngokwemigangatho yemveliso. Isigwebo esiqhelekileyo kwishishini kukuba nje ukuba umxholo we-Ni mkhulu kune-8% kwaye umxholo we-Cr mkhulu kune-18%, unokuthathwa njenge-304 yensimbi engenasici. Yingakho i-shishini libiza olu hlobo lwensimbi engenasici 18/8 yensimbi engenasici. Enyanisweni, imigangatho yemveliso echaphazelekayo inemimiselo ecacileyo kakhulu ye-304, kwaye le migangatho yeemveliso inomahluko othile kwiimilo ezahlukeneyo zensimbi engenasici. Ngezantsi kukho imigangatho yemveliso eqhelekileyo kunye neemvavanyo. Ukugqiba ukuba ingaba i-304 insimbi engenasici, kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno zento nganye kumgangatho wemveliso. Ngethuba nje umntu engahambelani neemfuno, ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuba yi-304 insimbi engenasici.

 

ImiSebenzi yeMichiza ye-304 yeNtsimbi engagqwali ngokwe-ASTM A276
304 SS	C	Mn	P	S	Si	Cr	Ni
%	≤0.08	≤2.00	≤0.045	≤0.030	≤1.00	18.0–20.0	8.0-11.0
ImiSebenzi yeMichiza ye-304 yeNtsimbi engagqwali ngokwe-ASTM A240
304 SS	C	Mn	P	S	Si	Cr	Ni
%	≤0.07	≤2.00	≤0.045	≤0.030	≤0.75	17.5–19.5	8.0–10.5
ImiSebenzi yeMichiza ye-304 yeNtsimbi engagqwali ngokwe-JIS G4303
I-SUS 304 SS	C	Mn	P	S	Si	Cr	Ni
%	≤0.08	≤2.00	≤0.045	≤0.030	≤1.00	18.0–20.0	8.0-10.5

 

Usetyenziso lwe-304 Steel engatyiwa

I-304 insimbi engenasici yeyona ntsimbi ye-chromium-nickel esetyenziswa kakhulu. Njengentsimbi esetyenziswa ngokubanzi, inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle, ukumelana nobushushu, amandla obushushu obuphantsi kunye neempawu zoomatshini; ukusebenza kakuhle okushushu okufana nokunyathela nokugoba, akukho nyango lobushushu Ukuqina kwesenzeko (ubushushu bokusebenzisa -196℃～800℃). Ukumelana ne-Corrosion kwi-atmosphere, ukuba yindawo yoshishino okanye indawo engcoliseke kakhulu, kufuneka icocwe kwangethuba ukuphepha ukubola. Ilungele ukulungiswa kokutya, ukugcinwa kunye nokuthutha. Inokuqhubekeka kakuhle kunye nokuweldability. Abatshintshi bobushushu beplate, imivumbo, iimveliso zendlu (iDidi 1 kunye ne-2 yetafile, iikhabhathi, imibhobho yangaphakathi, izifudumezi zamanzi, iibhoyila, iibhafu), iindawo zeauto (windshield wiper, mufflers, iimveliso ezibunjiweyo), izixhobo zonyango, izixhobo zokwakha, iikhemikhali, ishishini lokutya. , ezolimo, iinxalenye zeenqanawa, njl njl. I-304 insimbi engenasici enomxholo wayo olawulwa ngokungqongqo inokubizwa ngokuba yibakala lokutya le-304. intsimbi.

Uninzi lweemfuno zokusetyenziswa kukugcina inkangeleko yokuqala yesakhiwo ixesha elide. Xa umisela uhlobo lwensimbi engenasici yokukhetha, iingqwalasela eziphambili ziyimigangatho efunekayo yobuhle, ukubola kwe-atmosphere yendawo, kunye nenkqubo yokucoca ekufuneka isetyenziswe. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izicelo ziya zifuna kuphela imfezeko yolwakhiwo okanye ukunganyibiliki kwamanzi. Umzekelo, uphahla kunye neendonga ezisecaleni zezakhiwo zoshishino. Kwezi zicelo, iindleko zokwakha zomnini zingaba zibaluleke ngakumbi kune-aesthetics, kwaye umphezulu awucocekanga kakhulu. I-304 insimbi engenasici isebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwindawo eyomileyo yangaphakathi. Nangona kunjalo, ukugcina ukubonakala kwayo ngaphandle kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni nasezidolophini, ukucocwa rhoqo kuyafuneka. Kwiindawo ezingcoliseke kakhulu kwimizi-mveliso kunye naselunxwemeni, umphezulu unokuba mdaka kakhulu kunye nomhlwa.

Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yempembelelo yobuhle kwindawo yangaphandle, i-nickel-containing steel stainless iyadingeka. Ngoko ke, i-304 insimbi engenasici isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindonga zamakhethini, iindonga zecala, uphahla kunye nezinye iinjongo zokwakha, kodwa kwi-industrial corrosive or marine atmospheres, i-316 insimbi engenasici ikhethwayo. Iingcango zensimbi ezingenasici, abantu baye baqonda ngokupheleleyo iingenelo zokusebenzisa insimbi engenasici kwizicelo zesakhiwo. I-304 kunye ne-316 i-stainless steels ifakwe kwizikhokelo ezininzi zokuyila. Ngenxa yokuba "i-duplex" yensimbi engenasici i-2205 idibanisa ukuxhathisa okulungileyo kwe-atmospheric corrosion kunye ne-tensile ephezulu kunye namandla anwebekayo, le ntsimbi ikwabandakanywa kwizikhokelo zaseYurophu. IiMveliso zeeMveliso Insimbi engenasici yenziwe ngokwenene kuluhlu olupheleleyo lweemilo zetsimbi eziqhelekileyo kunye nobukhulu, kwaye ezininzi iimilo ezikhethekileyo ziyafumaneka. Iimveliso ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe kwiphepha kunye ne-strip, kodwa kunye neemveliso ezikhethekileyo ziveliswa kwiiplate eziphakathi kunye nezinzima, umzekelo, ekuveliseni i-hot-rolled structural iron and extruded structural steel. Kukwakho nemibhobho engqukuva, i-oval, isikweri, uxande kunye nehexagonal edityanisiweyo okanye engenamthungo imibhobho kunye nezinye iifom, kubandakanywa iiprofayili, imivalo, iingcingo kunye nokuphosa.

 

IiPropati zeMzimba ze-304 iStainless Steel		IiPropati zeMachanical ze-304 zeNtsimbi eNgatyiwayo
Ubuninzi (20℃,g/cm³)	7.93	I-Tensile Strentgh σb (MPa)	≥515-1035
Ubushushu obunyibilikayo (℃)	1398 - 1454	Yield Strentgh σ0.2 (MPa)	≥205
Umthamo wobushushu obuthile (0 ~ 100℃, KJ·kg-1K-1)	0.5	Ubude δ5 (%)	≥40
I-Thermal Conductivity (W · m-1 · K-1)	(100℃)16.3, (500℃)21.5	izinga lokucutha kwindawo ψ (%)	40 - 60
I-Coefficient of Linear Expansion (10-6·K-1)	(0-100℃)17.2, (0-500℃)18.4	Ukuqina	≤201HBW;≤92HRB;≤210HV
Ukuxhathisa (20℃, 10-6Ω · m2/m)	0.73
Imodyuli ye-Elastic yobude (20℃, KN/mm2)	193

 

Izizathu zokurusa kwe-304 yensimbi engenasici

I-rust phenomenon ye-304 yensimbi engenasici inokuba nezi zizathu zilandelayo:

1. Ikloridi
Iiion zekloridi zikhona ngokubanzi, njengetyuwa/ukubila/amanzi olwandle/impepho yolwandle/umhlaba njalo njalo. Phambi kwee-ion ze-chloride, isinyithi esingenasici sikhula ngokukhawuleza, nangaphezulu kwentsimbi ye-carbon ephantsi. Ngoko ke, kukho iimfuno zendawo yokusetyenziswa kwensimbi engenasici, kwaye kufuneka ihlanjululwe rhoqo ukususa uthuli kwaye igcine icocekile kwaye yomile. Kukho umzekelo eUnited States: inkampani isebenzisa isikhongozeli se-oki ukubamba isisombululo esine-ion ye-chloride. Isikhongozeli sisetyenziswe phantse iminyaka elikhulu. Kwacetywa ukuba kutshintshwe ngeminyaka yoo-1990. Ngenxa yokuba izinto ze-oki azikho zangoku ngokwaneleyo, isitya sentsimbi esingenasici sisetyenziswe iintsuku ezili-16 emva kokutshintshwa. Ukuvuza ngenxa yomhlwa.

2. Unyango lwesisombululo
Izinto ze-alloy azichithwanga kwi-matrix, okukhokelela kumxholo ophantsi we-alloy kwisakhiwo se-matrix kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-corrosion.

3. I-Intergranular Corrosion
Esi sixhobo se-titanium- kunye ne-niobium-free sithandeka kwi-intergranular corrosion. Ukongezwa kwe-titanium kunye ne-niobium, kunye nonyango lokuzinzisa, kunokunciphisa i-corrosion ye-intergranular. Intsimbi ene-alloy ephezulu ekwazi ukuxhathisa i-corrosion emoyeni okanye kwi-media media corrosive. Insimbi engenasici inomgangatho omhle kunye nokuchasana nokugqwala okuhle. Akuyomfuneko ukuba ingene kunyango olungaphezulu olufana nokufakwa kombala, kodwa endaweni yoko isebenzisa iipropathi zendalo zomphezulu wentsimbi engatyiwayo. Isetyenziswa kwiintlobo ezininzi ze-A zentsimbi, ezibizwa ngokuba yintsimbi engenasici. Umsebenzi omeleyo yintsimbi ephezulu ye-alloy efana ne-13 chrome steel kunye ne-18-8 chrome nickel steel. Ukusuka kwimbono ye-metallographic, ngenxa yokuba insimbi engenasici iqulethe i-chromium, ifilimu ye-chromium encinci kakhulu yenziwa phezu komhlaba, eyahlula i-oksijini kwintsimbi kwaye idlala indima ekuxhathiseni ukubola. Ukuze kugcinwe ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion yendalo yensimbi engenasici, intsimbi kufuneka iqulethe ngaphezu kwe-12% ye-chromium. Ngezihlandlo apho kufuneka i-welding. Umxholo ophantsi wekhabhoni unciphisa imvula ye-carbide kwindawo echaphazelekayo ukushisa kufuphi ne-weld, engakhokelela kwi-intergranular corrosion (i-weld erosion) yensimbi engenasici kwezinye iindawo.