Ukuphosa VS Ukwenza

Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeenkqubo zokuvelisa ukuvelisa ainxalenye yentsimbi yesiko. Ngamnye unesethi yawo yeengenelo kunye nokungalunganga. Ezinye zezinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela ukhetho lwenkqubo ziquka oku kulandelayo:
- Ubungakanani bemathiriyeli efunekayo
- Uyilo lwenxalenye yentsimbi
- Unyamezelo olufunekayo
- Ukuchazwa kwesinyithi
-Ukugqiba komphezulu kuyafuneka
- Iindleko zokusebenza
- Uqoqosho lomatshini ngokuchasene neendleko zenkqubo
- Iimfuno zonikezelo

Iyaphosa
Inkqubo yokuphosa ibandakanya ukugalela okanye ukutofa isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo kwisingundo esinomngxuma onemilo efunekayoiicastings. Iinkqubo zokuphosa isinyithi zingahlelwa mhlawumbi ngohlobo lwesikhunta okanye ngoxinzelelo olusetyenziselwa ukuzalisa i-mold kunye nesinyithi samanzi. Ukuba ngohlobo lokungunda, inkqubo yokuphosa ingahlelwa ibe yintlabathi, ukuphosa utyalo-mali kunye nokuphosa isinyithi; ngelixa ukuba ngoxinzelelo olusetyenziselwa ukugcwalisa isikhunta, inkqubo yokuphosa inokwahlulwa ibe yi-gravity casting, i-low pressure cast kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu.

Iziseko zokuCasa
Ukuphosa yinkqubo yokuqinisa. Ngoko ke, i-microstructure inokulungiswa kakuhle, njengokwakheka kweenkozo, ukuguqulwa kwesigaba kunye nemvula. Nangona kunjalo, iziphene ezifana ne-shrinkage porosity, ii-cracks kunye nokuhlukana nazo zidibene ngokusondeleyo nokuqina. Ezi ziphene zingakhokelela kwiipropati ezisezantsi zomatshini. Unyango olulandelayo lobushushu luhlala lufuneka ukunciphisa uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo kunye nokwandisa iimpawu zomatshini.

Izinto eziluncedo zokuSasa:
- Iimveliso ezinkulu kunye neziyinkimbinkimbi zokuphosa isinyithi zilula.
- Izinga eliphezulu lemveliso, ngokukodwa ngomgca wokubumba ozenzekelayo.
- Ububhetyebhetye boyilo bukhona kwaye bufaneleke ngakumbi.
-Iintsimbi ezahlukeneyo ezifumanekayo: intsimbi engwevu, intsimbi yentsimbi, intsimbi yecarbon, intsimbi yealloy,yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo, i-aluminium alloy, ubhedu, ubhedu kunye ne-zinc alloy.

Ububi bokuCasa:
-Iziphene ngaphakathi kweesanti
- Ukuncipha kwe-porosity
- Uqikelelo lwesinyithi
- Iintanda, ukukrazuka okushushu, izivalo ezibandayo
- Imijikelo, iioksidi
- Ii-misruns, umthamo onganelanga
- Ukubandakanywa
-Ifuna ulawulo olusondeleyo kunye nokuhlolwa (i-porosity ingenzeka)
Ukuqulunqa
I-Forging yinkqubo yokuvelisa apho isinyithi sibunjwa ngokuguqulwa kweplastiki phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu kwiindawo zamandla aphezulu. Ngokwendlela yokubumba isetyenzisiweyo, inkqubo yokubumba ifakwe kwi-open die forging kunye ne-closed die forging. Kodwa ukuba ngeqondo lobushushu lentsimbi ekhandiweyo kunye nengxubevange phambi kokuba ibunjwe, inkqubo yokubunjwa inokwahlulwa ibe yimbumba ebandayo, ukubumba okufudumeleyo kunye nokufudumeza okushushu.

Iziseko zokwenziwa
Ukubumba okanye ukwenza ukubanda ziinkqubo zokubumba isinyithi. Akukho kunyibilika kunye nokuqina okulandelayo okubandakanyekayo. I-deformation yeplastiki ivelisa ukwanda kwenani le-dislocation okubangelwa imeko ephezulu yoxinzelelo lwangaphakathi. Enyanisweni, ukuqina koxinzelelo kubangelwa ukusebenzisana kokuchithwa kunye nezinye izithintelo kunye nezinye izithintelo (ezifana nemida yeenkozo). Ngaxeshanye, imilo yeekristale eziphambili (i-dendrites) iyatshintsha emva kokusebenza kweplastiki yesinyithi.

Izinto eziluncedo ngokwenza:
-Iipropathi eziLungileyo zoomatshini (amandla esivuno, ukuqina, ukuqina)
-Ukuthembeka (kusetyenziselwa iindawo ezibalulekileyo)
- Akukho unyango lwentsimbi engamanzi

Izinto ezingeloncedo ngokwenza:
- Fa ungazaliswanga
-Fa ukusilela
- Ubume bulinganiselwe xa kufuneka ii-undercuts okanye ii-cored sections
- Iindleko zizonke zidla ngokuba phezulu kunokusasa
- Amanyathelo amaninzi afuneka rhoqo

Sinokwahlula ukusebenza okutshisayo kumsebenzi obandayo. Ukusebenza okushushu kwenziwa ngaphezu kobushushu bokubuyisela kwakhona; ukusebenza okubandayo kwenziwa ngaphantsi kwayo. Ekusebenzeni okutshisayo, ukuqina kunye nesakhiwo sengqolowa esigqwethekileyo sipheliswa ngokukhawuleza ngokuqulunqwa kweenkozo ezintsha ezingenazo ubunzima ngenxa ye-recrystallization. Ukusasazwa okukhawulezayo kumaqondo obushushu asebenzayo anceda ekwenzeni i-homogenizing i-preform. I-porosity yokuqala inokuncitshiswa kakhulu, ekugqibeleni iphiliswe ngokupheleleyo. Iziganeko ze-Metallurgical ezifana nokuqina koxinzelelo kunye nokubuyisela ikristale zibalulekile kuba olu tshintsho kwisakhiwo lukhokelela ekwandeni kwe-ductility kunye nokuqina phezu kwelizwe lokuphosa.

Into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba umgangatho wezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokunyanga ukushisa kunokuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kunomahluko phakathi kokuphosa kunye nokukhwabanisa kwezinye iimeko.