I-Cobalt-based Alloy Castings

I-alloy-based alloy yi-alloy eqinile enokumelana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokunxiba, ukubola kunye ne-oxidation ephezulu yokushisa. I-alloys esekwe kwi-cobalt isekelwe kwi-cobalt njengeyona nto iphambili, iqulethe isixa esikhulu senikeli, i-alloying elements zekhemikhali ezifana ne-chromium, i-tungsten kunye nenani elincinci lezinto ezixubileyo ezifana ne-molybdenum, i-niobium, i-tantalum, i-titanium, i-lanthanum, kunye nentsimbi ngamaxesha athile. . Ngokokwakheka okwahlukileyo kwe-alloyi, i-alloy esekwe kwi-cobalt ingenziwa ibe yintambo yokuwelda, kwaye umgubo ungasetyenziselwa ukuwelda, ukutshiza nge-thermal, i-welding yesitshizi kunye nezinye iinkqubo, kwaye inokwenziwa.iicastings, i-forging kunye namalungu e-metallurgy angumgubo. Ihlelwe ngokusetyenziswa kokugqibela, i-cobalt-based alloys inokwahlulwa ibe yi-cobalt-based wear-resistant alloys, i-cobalt-based high-temperature alloys kunye ne-cobalt-based based solution corrosion-resistant alloys. Kwiimeko zokusebenza ngokubanzi, zombini ziyakwazi ukunxiba kunye nobushushu obuphezulu okanye ubushushu obuphezulu okanye ukunxiba kunye ne-corrosion-resistant. Ezinye iimeko zokusebenza zinokufuna ubushushu obuphezulu, ukunxiba kunye nokunganyangeki komhlwa ngaxeshanye. Xa iimeko zokusebenza zinzima ngakumbi, zibonakala ngakumbi iingenelo ze-cobalt-based alloys.

Iipropati ze-Cobalt-Based Alloys
I-carbides eziphambili kwi-cobalt-based superalloys yi-MC, i-M23C6 kunye ne-M6C. Kwii-alloys ezisekelwe kwi-cobalt, i-M23C6 iyancipha phakathi kwemida yeenkozo kunye ne-dendrites ngexesha lokupholisa kancinci. Kwezinye i-alloys, i-M23C6 entle inokwenza i-eutectic kunye ne-matrix γ. I-MC carbide particles zikhulu kakhulu ukuba zibe nefuthe elibalulekileyo kwi-dislocations, ngoko umphumo wokuqinisa kwi-alloy awubonakali, ngelixa i-carbides ehlakazekileyo inefuthe elihle lokomeleza. I-carbides ehlala kumda wengqolowa (ingakumbi i-M23C6) inokuthintela ukutyibilika komda wengqolowa, ngaloo ndlela iphucula amandla okunyamezela. I-microstructure ye-cobalt-based superalloy HA-31 (X-40) yinqanaba elichithwayo lokomeleza (CoCrW) i-6 C-type carbide. Izigaba ezivaliweyo ze-topological ezibonakala kwezinye i-cobalt-based alloys, ezifana ne-sigma phase ziyingozi kwaye zenza i-alloy brittle.

Ukuzinza kwe-thermal ye-carbides kwi-cobalt-based alloys kulungile. Xa iqondo lokushisa liphakama, izinga lokukhula lokuqokelelwa kwe-carbide licotha kunezinga lokukhula kwesigaba se-γ kwi-alloy esekelwe kwi-nickel, kwaye iqondo lokushisa lokuchithwa kwakhona kwi-matrix liphezulu (ukuya kwi-1100 ° C) . Ngoko ke, xa izinga lokushisa liphakama, i-cobalt-based alloy Amandla e-alloy ayancipha ngokubanzi. I-alloys esekwe kwi-cobalt inokumelana ne-thermal corrosion. Isizathu sokuba i-cobalt-based alloys iphezulu kune-nickel-based alloys kule nkalo kukuba indawo yokunyibilika kwe-cobalt sulfide (efana ne-Co-Co4S3 eutectic, 877℃) iphezulu kune-nickel (Umzekelo, i-Ni-Ni3S2 eutectic (645°C) iphezulu, kwaye izinga lokusasazwa kwesalfure kwicobalt lingaphantsi kakhulu I-nickel. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba i-alloys eninzi esekelwe kwi-cobalt inomxholo ophezulu we-chromium kune-alloys esekelwe kwi-nickel, inokwenza umaleko okhuselayo we-alkali yensimbi ye-sulfate (njenge-Cr2O3 yokukhusela ekhutshwe yi-Na2SO4) phezu kwe-alloy , ukuxhathisa kwe-oxidation ye-cobalt-based alloys ngokuqhelekileyo iphantsi kakhulu kune-nickel-based alloys.

Ngokwahlukileyo kwezinye ii-superalloys, i-cobalt-based superalloys ayiqiniswanga yinqanaba lemvula eliyalelweyo lidityaniswe ngokuqinileyo kwi-matrix, kodwa zenziwe nge-matrix ye-austenite fcc eye isisombululo esiqinileyo esomeleziweyo kunye nenani elincinci le-carbides elisasazwa kwi-matrix. Ukuphosa i-cobalt-based superalloys kuxhomekeke kakhulu ekuqiniseni i-carbide. Iikristale ze-cobalt ezicocekileyo zine-hexagonal evaliweyo (hcp) isakhiwo se-crystal esingaphantsi kwe-417 ° C, eguqulela kwi-fcc kumaqondo aphezulu. Ukuze ugweme olu tshintsho ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwe-cobalt-based superalloys, ngokuqhelekileyo zonke ii-alloys ezisekelwe kwi-cobalt zixutywe nge-nickel ukwenzela ukuzinzisa isakhiwo ukusuka kwiqondo lokushisa ukuya kwiqondo lokunyibilika. I-alloys esekelwe kwi-Cobalt inobudlelwane obuphezulu boxinzelelo lwe-fracture-iqondo lobushushu, kodwa ibonisa ukuxhathisa okuphezulu kwe-thermal kubushushu kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwe-1000 ° C kunamanye amaqondo aphezulu.

Ukushisa Ukushisa kwe-Cobalt-based Alloys
Ubungakanani kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamasuntswana e-carbide kunye nobungakanani beenkozo kwi-cobalt-based alloys zinovelwano kakhuluinkqubo yokuphosa. Ukuze ufezekise amandla afunekayo okunyamezela kunye neepropati zokudinwa kwe-thermal ye-cobalt-based based alloy casting parts, iiparamitha zenkqubo yokuphosa kufuneka ilawulwe. I-alloys esekelwe kwi-cobalt idinga unyango lobushushu, ngokukodwa ukulawula imvula ye-carbides. Kwii-alloys ezisekelwe kwi-cobalt, okokuqala kuqhutywe unyango oluphezulu lwesisombululo esiqinileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo kwiqondo lokushisa malunga ne-1150 ° C, ukwenzela ukuba zonke ii-carbides eziphambili, ezibandakanya ezinye ze-MC-type carbides, zichithwa kwisisombululo esiqinileyo; ke, unyango lokuguga lwenziwa kwi-870-980 ° C. Yenza i-carbides iphinde ibe yimvula.

AmaBanga aqhelekileyo e-Cobalt-based Alloys
Amabanga aqhelekileyo e-cobalt esekelwe kwi-alloys yobushushu obuphezulu ngala: 2.4778 (ngokwe-DIN EN 10295)Hayness 188, Haynes 25 (L-605), i-alloy S-816, UMCo-50, MP-159, FSX-414, X -40, iStellite 6B, iBakala 31, njl. njl. GH5188 (GH188), GH159, GH605, K640, DZ40M njalo njalo.

Usetyenziso lweCobalt-based Alloy Castings
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-cobalt-based superalloys ayinazo izigaba zokuqinisa ezihambelanayo. Nangona amandla kubushushu obuphakathi esezantsi (kuphela yi-50-75% ye-alloys esekwe kwi-nickel), banamandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokudinwa kwe-thermal, ukuxhathisa i-abrasion, i-weldability engcono kunye nokuxhathisa kwe-thermal corrosion ngaphezu kobushushu be-980 ° C. Ke ngoko, ii-cobalt-based alloy castings zifaneleka ikakhulu ukwenza i-vanes yesikhokelo kunye ne-nozzle yesikhokelo se-vanes yeenjini ze-jet yenqwelomoya, iiinjini zegesi zemizi-mveliso, iiinjini zegesi yasemanzini, kunye nemibhobho ye-injini ye-diesel, njl.