Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuiziphene zokuphosa isantingokweneneinkqubo yokugalela isanti. Kodwa sinokuzifumana ezona zizathu ngokuhlalutya iziphene ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Nakuphi na ukuchaneka kwinkqubo yokubumba kubangela iziphene kwii-castings ezinokuthi ngamanye amaxesha zinyanyezelwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo iziphene zokuphosa isanti zinokupheliswa ngokulungiswa kwesikhunta esifanelekileyo okanye iindlela zokulungisa ezifana ne-welding kunye ne-metallization. Apha kweli nqaku sizama ukunika ezinye iinkcazo zeziphene eziqhelekileyo zokuphosa isanti ukufumana izizathu kunye nonyango ngokufanelekileyo.
Ezi zilandelayo zezona ntlobo zinkulu zeziphene ezinokuthi zenzekeukuchithwa kwesanti:
i) Iziphene zerhasi
ii) Ukucutheka kwemingxuma
iii) Iziphene zezinto zokubumba
iv) Ukugalela iziphene zentsimbi
v) Iziphene zeMetallurgical
1. Iziphene zegesi
Iziphene kolu didi zingahlelwa zibe zivuthelo kunye nokuvula, ukubandakanywa komoya kunye ne-pin hole porosity. Zonke ezi ziphene zibangelwa ubukhulu becala yi-gas-pass-passency ye-mold enokuthi ibe ngenxa yokukhupha umoya ophantsi, ukunyanzeliswa okuphantsi kwe-mold kunye / okanye ukuyila okungafanelekanga kokuphosa. Ukunyanzeliswa kokungunda okusezantsi, kubangelwa bubungakanani bengqolowa obucolekileyo besanti, udongwe oluphezulu, ukufuma okuphezulu, okanye ngokugqithwa ngokugqithisileyo kokungunda.
Vuthela imingxunya kwaye uvule izithonga
Le yimingxuma engqukuva, ethe tyaba okanye emide ekhoyo ngaphakathi kokusalwa okanye kumphezulu. Phezulu, zibizwa ngokuba zizithonga ezivulekileyo kwaye ngelixa ngaphakathi, zibizwa ngokuba yi-blow holes. Ngenxa yobushushu obukwisinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo, ukufuma kuguqulwa kube ngumphunga, othi xa uvaleleke ekujuleni uphele njengokuvuthela okanye njengezithonga ezivulekileyo xa ufika phezulu. Ngaphandle kobukho bokufuma, zenzeke ngenxa yokungena umoya ophantsi kunye nokunyanzeliswa okuphantsi kwesikhunta. Ngaloo ndlela, kwi-molds yesanti eluhlaza kunzima kakhulu ukulahla imingxuma yokuvuthela, ngaphandle kokuba umoya ofanelekileyo unikezelwa.
Ukubandakanywa koMoya
I-atmospheric kunye nezinye iigesi ezifunxwa yintsimbi etyhidiweyo eziko, kwi-ladle, kwaye ngexesha lokuhamba kwi-mold, xa ingavunyelwanga ukuba ibaleke, iya kubanjwa ngaphakathi kwe-casting kwaye iyenze ibe buthathaka. Ezona zizathu ziphambili zesi siphene kukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu okugalela anyusa umthamo werhasi efunxekileyo; uyilo olulambathayo lokungena olufana ne-sprues ethe tye kwindawo yokungena engaxinzelelwanga, ukugoba okugqabhukileyo kunye nezinye izenzo ezibangela isiphithiphithi kwisango lokungena, okwandisa i-aspiraton yomoya kwaye ekugqibeleni ukungeneka okuphantsi komngundo ngokwawo. Amayeza aya kuba kukukhetha ubushushu obufanelekileyo bokugalela kunye nokuphucula iindlela zokungena ngokucutha isiphithiphithi.
I-Pin Hole Porosity
Oku kubangelwa yi-hydrogen kwisinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo. Oku kwakunokuthi kucholwe eziko okanye ngokuchithwa kwamanzi ngaphakathi kwendawo yokungunda. Njengoko isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo siqina, silahlekelwa ngubushushu obunciphisa ukunyibilika kweegesi, ngaloo ndlela kukhupha iigesi ezinyityilisiweyo. Ihydrogen ngelixa ishiya intsimbi eqinisiweyo iya kubangela idiameter encinci kakhulu kunye nemingxuma emide ebonisa indlela yokuphuma. Olu luhlu lwemingxuma yephini lubangela ukuvuza kwamanzi phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu lokusebenza. Esona sizathu siphambili soku bubushushu obuphezulu bokugalela obunyusa i-gas pick-up.
Ukushwabana kweCavities
Oku kubangelwa ukushwabana kolwelo okwenzeka ngexesha lokuqina kokusalwa. Ukuhlawula oku, ukondla okufanelekileyo kwesinyithi solwelo kuyafuneka njengoyilo olufanelekileyo lokuphosa.
2. Iziphene zokuBumba
Ngaphantsi kolu luhlu kukho ezo ziphene ezibangelwa yimpawu zezinto zokubumba. Iziphene ezinokuthi zibekwe kolu luhlu kukusikwa kunye nokuhlamba, ukungena kwesinyithi, ukudibanisa, ukugijima, imisila yeempuku kunye ne-buckles, ukudumba, kunye nokuwa. Ezi ziphene zenzeka ngokuyimfuneko kuba imathiriyeli yokubumba ingezizo iipropathi eziyimfuneko okanye ngenxa yeramming engafanelekanga.
Ukusika kunye nokuhlamba
Ezi zibonakala njengamachokoza arhabaxa kunye neendawo ezinentsimbi egqithisileyo, kwaye zibangelwa kukukhukuliseka kwesanti ebumbayo yintsimbi enyibilikayo ehambayo. Oku kunokubangelwa kukuba intlabathi ebumbayo ayinawo amandla aneleyo okanye isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo esihamba ngesantya esiphezulu. Eyangaphambili inokulungiswa ngokukhetha okufanelekileyo kwesanti yokubumba kunye nokusebenzisa indlela efanelekileyo yokubumba. Lo mva unokunyamekelwa ngokuguqula i-gating design ukunciphisa i-turbulence kwintsimbi, ngokunyusa ubungakanani bamasango okanye ngokusebenzisa amasango amaninzi.
Metal Ukungena
Xa isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo singena kwizithuba phakathi kweenkozo zesanti, umphumo uya kuba yinto ephosayo. Esona sizathu siphambili soku kukuba ubungakanani beenkozo zesanti burhabaxa kakhulu, okanye akukho kuhlamba ngundo kusetyenziswe kumngxunya. Oku kusenokubangelwa ngamaqondo obushushu aphezulu okugalela. Ukukhetha ubungakanani obuziinkozo obufanelekileyo, kunye nokuhlamba okufanelekileyo kokungunda kufuneka kukwazi ukuphelisa esi siphene.
Ukudibanisa
Oku kubangelwa kukudityaniswa kweenkozo zesanti kunye nesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo, kunika i-brittle, imbonakalo yeglasi kwindawo yokuphosa. Esona sizathu siphambili sesi siphene kukuba udongwe kwisanti yokubumba i-refractoriness ephantsi okanye ukuba ukushisa okuthululwayo kuphezulu kakhulu. Ukukhethwa kohlobo olufanelekileyo kunye nesixa se-bentonite siya kunyanga esi siphene.
Baleka uphume
Ukuphuma kwamanzi kubangwa xa isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo sivuza ngaphandle kokungunda. Oku kunokubangelwa mhlawumbi ngenxa yokwenziwa kokungunda okungalunganga okanye ngenxa yeflaski yokubumba engalunganga.
Imisila yeempuku kunye namaBuckles
Umsila wempuku ubangelwa kukungaphumeleli koxinzelelo lwesikhumba somngxunya ngenxa yobushushu obugqithisileyo kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo. Ngaphantsi kwefuthe lobushushu, isanti iyanda, ngaloo ndlela ihambisa udonga lokubumba ngasemva kwaye kwinkqubo xa udonga lunikezela, indawo yokuphosa inokuthi iphawulwe njengomgca omncinci, njengoko kubonisiwe kwiFig. , indawo yokuphosa inokuba nenani lemigca emincinci enqumlayo. Amaqhina yimisila yeempuku ebukhali. Oyena nobangela wezi ziphene kukuba isanti ebumbayo ineempawu ezingentle zokwandiswa kunye namandla ashushu okanye ubushushu kwintsimbi yokugalela buphezulu kakhulu. Kwakhona, isanti ejongene nayo isetyenzisiweyo ayinayo into eyaneleyo ye-carbonaceous ukubonelela umphumo ofunekayo wokunciphisa. Ukhetho olufanelekileyo lokujongana nezithako zesanti kunye nokushisa okuthululwayo yimilinganiselo yokunciphisa iziganeko zezi ziphene
Dumba
Phantsi kweempembelelo ze-metallostatic force, udonga lokungunda lunokubuyela umva lubangele ukudumba kwimilinganiselo yokuphosa. Isiphumo sokudumba, iimfuno zokuxheshiswa kwee-castings zonyuka ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo kukhetho olufanelekileyo lokunyuka. Oyena nobangela uphambili woku yinkqubo yokwenziwa komngundo engalunganga eyamkelweyo. I-ramming efanelekileyo yokungunda kufuneka ilungise esi siphene.
Yihla
Ukuwiswa kwesanti egobileyo okanye amagaqa aqhelekile ukusuka kumphezulu wecope ukuya kumgodi wokungunda kunoxanduva lwesi siphene. Oku kubangelwe ngokungafanelekanga i-ramming ye-cope flask.
3. Ukugalela iziphene zeMetal
IMisruns kunye neeShuthi ezibandayo
I-Misrun yenzeke xa isinyithi singakwazi ukugcwalisa umngxuma wokungunda ngokupheleleyo kwaye ngaloo ndlela ishiya imingxunya engazaliswanga. Ukuvalwa okubandayo kubangelwa xa imijelo emibini yesinyithi ngelixa idibene kwi-mold cavity ingadibanisi ngokufanelekileyo, ngaloo ndlela ibangela ukungabikho okanye indawo ebuthathaka ekubunjweni. Ngamanye amaxesha imeko ekhokelela ekuvaleni okubandayo kunokubonwa xa kungekho zibukhali zikhoyo kwi-casting. Ezi ziphene zibangelwa ngokusisiseko kumanzi asezantsi esinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo okanye ukuba ubukhulu becandelo lokubunjwa buncinci kakhulu. Le yokugqibela inokulungiswa ngoyilo olufanelekileyo lokuphosa. I-remedy ekhoyo kukunyusa i-fluidity yesinyithi ngokuguqula ukubunjwa okanye ukunyusa ukushisa okuthululwayo. Esi siphene sinokubangelwa xa amandla okususa ubushushu anyuswa njengakwimeko yokungunda kwesanti eluhlaza. Iicastings ezinomlinganiselo omkhulu womphezulu-kwindawo ukuya kumthamo womthamo zinokwenzeka ukuba zithandeke kwezi ziphene. Esi siphene sikwabangelwa kubumba obungangeni kakuhle umoya ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwangasemva lweegesi. Amayeza aphucula ngokusisiseko uyilo lokungunda.
Slag Inclusions
Ngethuba lenkqubo yokunyibilika, i-flux yongezwa ukususa i-oxides engathandekiyo kunye nokungcola okukhoyo kwisinyithi. Ngexesha lokubetha, i-slag kufuneka isuswe ngokufanelekileyo kwi-ladle, ngaphambi kokuba isinyithi sigalelwe kwi-mold. Ngaphandle koko, nayiphi na i-slag engena kumgodi wokubumba iya kuba buthathaka ukuphosa kwaye yonakalise umphezulu wokuphosa. Oku kunokupheliswa ngezinye iindlela ze-slag-trapping ezifana nokugalela izikrini ze-basin okanye izandiso zomgijimi.
4. Iziphene zeMetallurgical.
Iinyembezi ezishushu
Ekubeni isinyithi sinamandla aphantsi kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, naluphi na uxinzelelo olungafunekiyo lokupholisa lunokubangela ukugqabhuka kokuphosa. Oyena nobangela uphambili woku luyilo lokuphosa olubi.
Iindawo ezishushu
Ezi zinto zibangelwa kukugodola kokusalwa. Umzekelo, ngentsimbi engwevu enezixa ezincinci zesilicon, intsimbi eqinileyo emhlophe eqinileyo inokubangela ukubanda komhlaba. Le ndawo ishushu iya kuphazamisana nomatshini olandelayo walo mmandla. Ulawulo olululo lwe-metallurgical kunye nezenzo zokubanda zibalulekile ekupheliseni iindawo ezishushu.
Njengoko kubonwe kwimihlathi engaphambili, izisombululo zezinye iziphene zikwangunobangela wezinye. Ke ngoko, injineli yesiseko kufuneka ihlalutye ukuphosa ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga yesicelo sayo sokugqibela kwaye ke ifike kwindlela efanelekileyo yokubumba ukuphelisa okanye ukunciphisa ezona ziphene zingafunekiyo zokuphosa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-26-2021