Iintsimbi ezikwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu ngamalungu afakwe kwintsimbi ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu njengemathiriyeli ekrwada. Phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphezulu, intsimbi enokumelana ne-oxidation, ukomelela okwaneleyo kobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nobushushu obulungileyo kubizwa ngokuba yintsimbi ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu. Intsimbi ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu inokwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini: intsimbi enganyangekiyo kwi-oxidation kunye nentsimbi yokuqina kobushushu ngokweempawu zayo. Intsimbi ye-Anti-oxidation ikwabizwa ngokuba yintsimbi engabonakaliyo. Intsimbi yamandla ashushu ibhekisa kwintsimbi enokumelana ne-oxidation elungileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye namandla aphezulu obushushu. Kwimeko yokwakheka kweekhemikhali ezifanayo, i-as-cast state inamandla aphezulu e-thermal kune-rolled state. Iindawo zentsimbi ezikwazi ukumelana nobushushu zithatha indawo enkulu kwintsimi yentsimbi ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu.
Ezinye iintsimbi ezikwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu zinzima ukusetyenzwa kunye nokonakala. Ukuveliswa kwee-castings akukona nje kuphela iindleko ezisebenzayo kuneemveliso eziqengqelekayo, kodwa kunye ne-castings inamandla aphezulu okunyamezela. Ke ngoko, intsimbi enganyangekiyo ekushiseni ithatha umlinganiselo omkhulu wentsimbi ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu. Ukongeza kwisanti yokuphosa, ubuchule bokuphosa obuchanekileyo bunokusetyenziselwa ukufumana iimveliso ezinomgangatho ogudileyo kunye nemilinganiselo echanekileyo. I-Centrifugal casting ihlala isetyenziselwa iityhubhu zesithando sobushushu esiphakamileyo sokuqhekeka kwe-synthetic ammonia kunye ne-ethylene.
Ngokwesakhiwo se-metallographic kwimeko yesiqhelo, intsimbi ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu inokwahlulwa ngokweendidi ezine: intsimbi ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu, intsimbi ye-martensitic ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu, intsimbi ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu, kunye nentsimbi ye-austenitic ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu.
1. I-Pearlitic Heat-resistant Cast Steel
Izinto ezixutywayo zentsimbi ye-pearlite ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu ikakhulu yichromium kunye ne-molybdenum, kwaye isixa esipheleleyo asidluli kwi-5%. Ukongeza kwi-pearlite kunye ne-ferrite, isakhiwo sayo sine-bainite. Olu hlobo lwentsimbi lunamandla amahle obushushu obuphezulu kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo kwi-500-600 ℃. Zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukwenza iindawo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu ngaphantsi kwe-600℃, njengemibhobho yensimbi yebhoyila, ii-impellers ze-injini yomphunga, iirotor, iziqhoboshi, iinqanawa ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu, imibhobho, njl. njl. , 25Cr2Mo1V, 20Cr3MoWV, njl.
Ukunyangwa kobushushu bentsimbi ye-pearlite ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu kuqhelekileyo okanye kucinywe kwaye kugxininiswe ukuze kufumaneke isakhiwo esizinzile, iimpawu ezintle zoomatshini kunye namandla afunekayo phantsi kweemeko eziphezulu zokushisa.
2. Intsimbi yentsimbi eyi-Martensitic Heat-resistant
Umxholo we-chromium wentsimbi ye-martensitic ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu ngokuqhelekileyo i-7-13%. Inamandla aphezulu obushushu obuphezulu, ukuxhathisa kwi-oxidation kunye nokumelana nomphunga wamanzi ongaphantsi kwe-650 ℃, kodwa ukuwelda kwayo kubi. I-1Cr13, 2Cr13 equlathe malunga ne-12% yechromium, kunye namabakala entsimbi aphuhliswe ngokwesi siseko afana ne-1Cr11MoV, 1Cr12WMoV, 2Cr12WMoNbVB kunye nezinye ii-alloys zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iiblade ze-injini yomphunga, iidiski, iishafti, iziqhoboshi, i-4Cr, i-4Cr9, njl. njl. ezisetyenziswa ekwenzeni iivalvu zokukhupha iinjini zokutsha zangaphakathi nazo ziziintsimbi zemartensitic ezimelana nobushushu.
Inkqubo yonyango yobushushu eqhelekileyo yentsimbi ye-martensitic ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu iqhelekile + ukucaphuka.
3. I-Ferritic Heat-resistant Cast Steel
Intsimbi ye-Ferritic ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu iqulethe i-chromium eninzi, i-aluminium, i-silicon kunye nezinye izinto, ezenza isakhiwo se-ferrite yesigaba esinye, esinokumelana ne-oxidation efanelekileyo kunye nobushushu obuphezulu bokuxhathisa kwegesi, kodwa amandla abo obushushu obuphezulu aphantsi, kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi. mkhulu kwaye weldability imbi. Njenge-1Cr13SiAl, 1Cr25Si2, njl njl. I-Ferritic heat-resistant cast iron cast isetyenziselwa ukwenza iindawo ezithwala umthwalo ophantsi kwaye zifuna ukuxhathisa kwe-oxidation ephezulu.
Unyango lobushushu lwentsimbi ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu ngokuqhelekileyo luthatha i-annealing ukuze luthomalalise uxinzelelo, kwaye emva koko luphole ngokukhawuleza (ukuze udlule ngokukhawuleza kwindawo enqabileyo ye-400-500 ℃).
4. I-Austenitic Heat-resistant Cast Steel
Intsimbi ye-Austenitic ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu iqulethe izinto ezininzi ezenza i-austenite ezifana ne-nickel, i-manganese, i-nitrogen, njl., kumaqondo okushisa angaphezu kwe-600 ° C, inamandla aphezulu obushushu kunye nokuzinza kwesakhiwo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-welding. Idla ngokusetyenziswa njengesixhobo sobushushu esisebenza ngaphezulu kwe-600°C. Amanqaku aqhelekileyo ngala 1Cr18Ni9Ti (321), 1Cr23Ni13 (309), 0Cr25Ni20 (310S), 1Cr25Ni20Si2 (314), 2Cr20Mn9Ni2Si2N, 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo, njl.
Intsimbi ye-Austenitic anti-oxidation inokunyangwa ngonyango lobushushu obuphezulu besisombululo sobushushu ukufumana uguquko oluhle olubandayo. Intsimbi ye-Austenitic eshushu eshushu iqala ukunyangwa ngonyango lwesisombululo sobushushu obuphezulu, kwaye ke unyango lokuguga luqhutywa kwi-60-100 ℃ ephezulu kunobushushu bokusetyenziswa ukuzinzisa ukwakheka kunye nokukhawulezisa isigaba sesibini ukuqinisa i-matrix.
Usetyenziso lwentsimbi ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu
Intsimbi ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu isoloko isetyenziselwa ukwenza iinxalenye kunye namacandelo asebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kumacandelo emizi-mveliso anje ngeebhoyila, iiinjini zomphunga, oomatshini bamandla, iziko lemizi-mveliso, kunye neenqwelomoya kunye namashishini epetrochemical. Ukongeza kumandla aphezulu obushushu kunye nobushushu obuphezulu be-oxidation kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola, ezi ndawo zifuna ukuqina okwaneleyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye ne-weldability, kunye neqondo elithile lokuzinza kwesakhiwo ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa.
Amanye amaBanga e-Heat Resistant Alloy Steel kunye nezicelo zabo | |
| IBanga leNsimbi | Ubushushu obuSebenzayo kunye nezicelo |
| 00Cr12 | Ubushushu be-Anti-oxidation 600 ~ 700 ℃, esetyenziswa njengobushushu obuphezulu, umzimba wevalvu yoxinzelelo oluphezulu, isitshisi |
| 0Cr13Al | Umgangatho wobushushu osebenzayo 700 ~ 800 ℃, iblade ye-compressor ye-turbine yegesi |
| 1Kr17 | I-Anti-oxidation kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-900 ℃, esetyenziswa njengendawo yobushushu obuphezulu kunye nemilomo yeziko. |
| 1Kr12 | Ukumelana ne-oxidation kunye namandla aphezulu obushushu obuphezulu kuluhlu lobushushu obungama-600 ~ 700℃ kwaye isetyenziselwa iindawo zobushushu obuphezulu bamagqabi einjini yomphunga, imilomo, kunye neevalvu zesitshisi sebhoyila. |
| 1Kr13 | Ubushushu bokumelana ne-oxidation yi-700 ~ 800 ℃, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuyafana nokwentsimbi ye-1Cr12. |
| 0Cr18Ni9,1Cr18Ni9Ti | Anti-oxidation lobushushu ngaphantsi kwe 870 ℃, ingasetyenziswa njengebhoyila yokufudumeza umphezulu umbhobho, ukufudumeza iindawo eziko, umtshintshisi ubushushu, imuffle eziko, converter, umlomo wombhobho. |
| 0Cr18Ni10Ti, 0Cr18Ni11Nb | Iyakwazi ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye ne-oxidation kuluhlu lobushushu obungama-400 ~ 900 ℃, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa izifakelo zemibhobho ebushushu bokusebenza bungaphantsi kwama-850 ℃ |
| 0Cr23Ni13 | Ubushushu beAnti-oxidation ukuya kuthi ga kwi-980 ℃, esetyenziselwa ityhubhu yokutshisa umlilo, iblade ye-injini yomphunga, ukufudumeza umzimba wesithando somlilo, isixhobo sokuguqula i-methane, isixhobo sokwahlula ubushushu obuphezulu. |
| 0Cr25Ni20 | Anti-oxidation lobushushu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1035 ℃, esetyenziselwa ukufudumeza iindawo eziko; iindawo zothumelo lwerhasi ezinobushushu bokusebenza obungaphantsi kwe-950 ℃ |
| 0Cr17Ni12Mo2, 0Cr19Ni13Mo2 | Iqondo lokushisa elichasene ne-oxidation alikho ngaphantsi kwe-870 ℃, ukushisa okusebenzayo yi-600 ~ 750 ℃, iityhubhu zokutshintsha ubushushu kunye nezixhobo zesithando somlilo kwishishini lemichiza kunye nokucocwa kweoli. |
| 0Cr17Ni7Al | Ubushushu obuphezulu beendawo ezithwele umthwalo kunye nobushushu bokusebenza obungaphantsi kwama-550 ℃ |
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-10-2021