Ukuqhelanisa, okwakwaziwa njengesiqhelo, kukufudumeza i-workpiece ukuya kwi-Ac3 (i-Ac ibhekisa kubushushu bokugqibela apho yonke i-ferrite yasimahla iguqulwa ibe yi-austenite ngexesha lokufudumeza, ngokubanzi ukusuka kwi-727 ° C ukuya ku-912 ° C) okanye i-Acm (i-Acm iyinyani. ukufudumeza, umgca weqondo lokushisa obalulekileyo we-austenitization epheleleyo yensimbi ye-hypereutectoid yi-30 ~ 50 ℃ ngaphezu kwe-30 ~ 50 ℃ Emva kokubamba ixesha ixesha, inkqubo yokucoca ubushushu besinyithi ithathwa ngaphandle kwesithando somlilo kwaye ipholile ngokutshizwa kwamanzi, ukutshiza okanye ukuvuthela umoya ngokukhawuleza kancinci kunomlinganiselo wokupholisa i-annealing, ngoko ke ubume be-normalizing bulungile kunobume be-annealing, kunye neempawu zayo zomatshini nazo ziphuculwe i-furnace ayithathi izixhobo, kwaye imveliso iphezulu, ngoko ke, i-normalization isetyenziswa ngokusemandleni ukubuyisela i-annealing kwimveliso. Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezibalulekileyo ezinemilo enzima, ukushisa okuphezulu kweqondo lokushisa (550-650 ° C) kuyadingeka emva kokuqhelekileyo. Injongo yokufudumala kweqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kukuphelisa uxinzelelo oluveliswa ngexesha lokupholisa okuqhelekileyo kunye nokuphucula ukuqina kunye neplastiki. Emva kokuba unyango oluqhelekileyo lwezinye iipleyiti zetsimbi ezishushu eziphantsi kwe-alloy, i-low-alloy forgings kunye ne-castings, iimpawu ezibanzi zoomatshini bezinto eziphathekayo zingaphuculwa kakhulu, kunye nokusebenza kokusika kuphuculwe.
① Ukwenziwa kwesiqhelo okusetyenziselwa intsimbi ephantsi yekhabhoni, ukuqina emva kokuqheleka kuphezulu kancinci kunoko kuxhuzula, kwaye ukuqina kukwalungile. Ingasetyenziswa njengonyango lwangaphambili lokusika.
② I-normalization esetyenziselwa i-medium carbon steel, inokuthi ithathe indawo yokucima kunye nonyango olushushu (ukucima + ukushisa okuphezulu kokushisa) njengonyango lokugqibela lokushisa, okanye njengonyango lwangaphambili ngaphambi kokucima umphezulu ngokufudumeza kwe-induction.
③ Ukwenziwa kwesiqhelo kusetyenziswe kwisixhobo sentsimbi, intsimbi yokuthwala, intsimbi, njl.njl., kunokunciphisa okanye kuthintele ukubunjwa kwe-network carbides, ukuze kufumaneke ulwakhiwo olufanelekileyo olufunekayo kwi-spheroidizing annealing.
④ I-normalization esetyenziselwa ukuchithwa kwetsimbi, inokuphucula i-as-cast structure kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kokusika.
⑤ I-normalization esetyenziselwa i-forgings enkulu, ingasetyenziswa njengonyango lokugqibela lokushisa, ukuze ugweme ukuthambekela okukhulu kokuqhekeka ngexesha lokucima.
⑥ Ukwenziwa kwesiqhelo kusetyenziselwa ukuphucula ubulukhuni, ukomelela, kunye nokunganyangeki, njengokwenziwa kweendawo ezibalulekileyo ezinje ngee-crankshafts kunye neentonga zokuqhagamshela iimoto, iitrektara kunye neenjini zedizili.
⑦ Inkqubo yesiqhelo iqhutyelwa phambi kokuba i-spheroidizing annealing ye-hypereutectoid steel, enokuphelisa i-network secondary cementite ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-cementite yonke i-spheroidized ngexesha le-spheroidizing annealing.
Isakhiwo emva kokuqhelekileyo: Insimbi ye-Hypoeutectoid yi-ferrite + pearlite, insimbi ye-eutectoid i-pearlite, insimbi ye-hypereutectoid i-pearlite + i-cementite yesibini, kwaye iyayeka.
I-normalizing isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwi-workpieces zentsimbi. Intsimbi yesiqhelo iyafana ne-annealing, kodwa izinga lokupholisa liphezulu kwaye isakhiwo sicolekile. Ezinye iintsimbi ezinomlinganiselo ophantsi kakhulu wokupholisa obalulekileyo zinokuguqula i-austenite ibe yi-martensite xa ipholile emoyeni. Olu nyango aluqhelekanga, kodwa lubizwa ngokuba yi-air quenching. Ngokwahlukileyo, ezinye iindawo zokusebenzela zecandelo elikhulu ezenziwe ngentsimbi enezinga elikhulu lokupholisa elibalulekileyo azikwazi ukufumana i-martensite nangona zicinywa emanzini, kwaye umphumo wokucima usondele kwi-normalization. Ukuqina kwentsimbi emva kokuqheleka kuphezulu kunoko-annealing. Xa uqhelekile, akuyimfuneko ukupholisa i-workpiece kunye nesithando somlilo njenge-annealing. Isithando somlilo sithatha ixesha elifutshane kwaye ukusebenza kwemveliso kuphezulu. Ke ngoko, i-normalizing isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kangangoko ukubuyisela i-annealing kwimveliso. Kwintsimbi ephantsi kwekhabhoni enomxholo wekhabhoni engaphantsi kwe-0.25%, ubunzima obufunyenweyo emva kokuqhelekileyo buphakathi, obulungele ukusika ngaphezu kwe-annealing, kwaye i-normalization isetyenziselwa ukulungiselela ukusika nokusebenza. Kwintsimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi kunye nomxholo wekhabhoni we-0.25 ukuya kwi-0.5%, inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusika emva kokuqhelekileyo. Kwiindawo ezilayishwe ngokukhanya ezenziwe ngolu hlobo lwensimbi, i-normalizing ingasetyenziselwa njengonyango lokugqibela lokushisa. I-normalizing ye-high-carbon tool tool kunye nentsimbi yokuthwala kukuphelisa i-carbides yenethiwekhi kwintlangano kunye nokulungiselela umbutho we-spheroidizing annealing.
Kunyango lokugqibela lobushushu lwamalungu aqhelekileyo olwakhiwo, kuba i-workpiece eqhelekileyo ineepropati eziphucukileyo zoomatshini kunemeko edibeneyo, i-normalizing ingasetyenziswa njengonyango lokugqibela lobushushu kwezinye iindawo eziqhelekileyo zesakhiwo ezingagxininisi kwaye zineemfuno zokusebenza eziphantsi zokunciphisa inani leenkqubo, Gcina amandla kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Ukongeza, kwezinye iindawo ezinkulu okanye ezintsonkothileyo, xa ukucima kusengozini yokuqhekeka, ukuqheleka kunokuthatha indawo yokucima kunye nobushushu njengonyango lokugqibela lobushushu.
Ukulawula ukufakwa kwentsimbi ngepropathi efanelekileyo yoomatshini, kukho izibhengezo ezininzi malunga nokulungiswa kobushushu obuqhelekileyo.
1. Yenza iiNdawo eziLungileyo zeeNgxowa zeNsimbi kwiZiko
Ngethuba lonyango oluqhelekileyo, iintsimbi zetsimbi kufuneka zilungiswe kwindawo ethile. Azinakufumaneka ngokungenamkhethe. Isikhundla esihle ngexesha lesiqhelo sinokwenza iindawo zotyalo-mali lwensimbi ziphathwe ukushisa okulinganayo.
2. Cinga ngobungakanani obahlukeneyo kunye nokutyeba kwendonga phambi kokufudumeza
Kwizinto ezifakwe kwintsimbi enemilo emide okanye i-diameter encinci, kungcono kakhulu ukuyibeka kakuhle ukunqanda iziphene ezigqwesileyo. Ukuba iintsimbi zentsimbi ezinomphezulu wecandelo elincinci kunye nomphezulu wecandelo elikhulu zifudumeza kwisithando somlilo esifanayo, ii-castings ezinecandelo elincinci kufuneka zibekwe phambi kwe-oven. Kwiintsimbi ezintsonkothileyo zokuphosa, ngakumbi ezo zineemilo ezingenanto, kungcono kakhulu ukutshisa kwangaphambili iicastings kuqala kwaye wonyuse iqondo lobushushu ngokucothayo. Oku kuya kunceda ukuphepha iziphene zoxinzelelo ezishiywe kwiintsimbi zetsimbi ezibangelwa yinkqubo yokufudumala ngokukhawuleza.
3. Ukupholisa Emva kokuQeqesha
Emva kokuqhelekileyo, iintsimbi zetsimbi kufuneka zibekwe ngokwahlukileyo kumhlaba owomileyo. Iicastings ezifudumalayo azinakugqunywa, okanye zibekwe kumhlaba ofumileyo. Oku kuya kuchaphazela ukupholisa kumacandelo ahlukeneyo okusahlelwa. Amazinga okupholisa kumacandelo ahlukeneyo aya kuchaphazela ukuqina kwezo ndawo.
Ngokubanzi, ubushushu bamanzi alinakuba ngaphezulu kwe-40℃. Ubushushu beoyile bungaphantsi kwe80℃.
4. Ukwenziwa kuqheleke kwiiMpahla zeeNsimbi ezahlukeneyo
Ukuba amaqondo okushisa afunekayo kwiintsimbi zetsimbi kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo ziyafana, zinokuphathwa ngokushushu kwi-oven enye. Okanye, kufuneka zifudunyezwe ngokwamaqondo obushushu afunekayo amabakala ahlukeneyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-27-2021