Ukwenziwa kotyalo-mali kukwandlala iileya ezininzi zokwaleka okuchasayo kumphezulu we-wax. Emva kokuba iqiniswe kwaye yomiswe, i-wax mold iyanyibilika ngokufudumeza ukufumana igobolondo elinomqolo ohambelana nokumila kwe-wax mold. Emva kokubhaka, igalelwa kwindlela yokufumana i-castings, ngoko ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-wax casting elahlekileyo. Ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kobugcisa bemveliso, iinkqubo ezintsha zokubumba i-wax ziyaqhubeka zivela, kunye neentlobo zezixhobo ezikhoyo zokubumba ziyanda. Ngoku indlela yokususa isikhunta ayisekho ukunyibilika, kwaye izinto zokubumba azikhawulelwanga kwizinto ze-wax. Iimbumba zeplastiki nazo zingasetyenziswa. Ngenxa yokuba iicastings ezifunyenwe ngale ndlela zinokuchaneka okuphezulu komgangatho kunye namaxabiso asezantsi oburhabaxa bomphezulu, ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-precision casting.
Uphawu olusisiseko lweutyalo malikukuba ukungunda okunokunyibilika kusetyenziswe xa kusenziwa iqokobhe. Ngenxa yokuba akukho mfuneko yokuzoba i-mold, igobolondo ibalulekile ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlukana, kwaye igobolondo yenziwe ngezinto eziphikisayo kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kweqondo lokushisa. Ukwenziwa kotyalo-mali kunokuvelisa i-complex-shaped castings, kunye nobukhulu bodonga obuncinane obuyi-0.3mm kunye nobukhulu obuncinane bomngxuma wokuphosa we-0.5 mm. Ngamanye amaxesha kwimveliso, ezinye iindawo eziqulunqwe ngamacandelo amaninzi zinokudibaniswa ngokupheleleyo ngokutshintsha isakhiwo kwaye zenziwe ngokuthe ngqo ngokuphosa utyalo-mali. Oku kunokonga ukusetyenzwa kweeyure zabantu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto zetsimbi, kwaye wenze ulwakhiwo lweiindawo zokuphosaisengqiqweni ngakumbi.
Ubunzima bee-castings eziveliswa yi-investment casting ngokubanzi ukusuka kumashumi eegram ukuya kwiikhilogram ezininzi, okanye namashumi eekhilogram. I-castings enzima kakhulu ayifanelekanga ukuphosa utyalo-mali ngenxa yokunciphisa ukusebenza kwezinto zokubumba kunye nobunzima bokwenza igobolondo.
Iicastings eziveliswe ngokwenziwa kotyalo-maliazikhawulelwanga kwiindidi ze-alloys, ngakumbi kwii-alloys ezinzima ukusika okanye ukukhahlela, ezinokubonisa ukuphakama kwayo. Nangona kunjalo, imveliso yokuphosa utyalo-mali nayo ineziphene ezithile, ikakhulu ngenxa yenani elikhulu leenkqubo, imijikelo emide yemveliso, iinkqubo zobuchwepheshe ezintsonkothileyo, kunye nezinto ezininzi ezichaphazela umgangatho wokusa, ekufuneka ilawulwe ngokungqongqo ukuzinzisa imveliso.
Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokuphosa, into ephawulekayo yokuphosa utyalo-mali kukusetyenziswa kwesikhunta esinyibilikayo ukwenza iqokobhe. Isikhunta esinye sotyalo-mali siyatyiwa ngalo lonke ixesha iqokobhe lenziwe. Imfuneko efunekayo yokufumana udidi oluphezulu oluchanekileyo kunye nexabiso eliphantsi loburhabaxa bomphezulu kukungunda kotyalo-mali ngokuchaneka komgangatho ophezulu kunye nexabiso eliphantsi loburhabaxa bomphezulu. Ngoko ke, ukusebenza kwezinto zokubumba (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-mold material), umgangatho wokubumba (ipateni esetyenziselwa ukucinezela utyalo-mali) kunye nenkqubo yokubumba iya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho wotyalo-mali.
Iimolds zotyalo-mali zisetyenziswa ngoku jikelele kwiqokobhe elenziwe ngezinto ezininzi ezinqandayo. Emva kokuba imodyuli iditywe kwaye ifakwe nge-refractory coating, ufefe i-granular refractory material, uze uyomise kwaye uqine, kwaye uphinda le nkqubo kaninzi de kube i-refractory material layer ifikelela kubukhulu obufunekayo. Ngale ndlela, igobolondo le-multi-layer lenziwa kwimodyuli, ehlala ipakishwe ixesha elithile ukuze yome ngokupheleleyo kwaye iqine, kwaye idilizwe ukuze ifumane igobolondo le-multi-layer. Ezinye iigobolondo ezinamanqwanqwa amaninzi kufuneka zizaliswe yisanti, kwaye ezinye azifuni. Emva kokugcoba, banokugalelwa ngokuthe ngqo, okubizwa ngokuba yigobolondo ephezulu yamandla.
Umgangatho weqokobhe uhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nomgangatho wokubunjwa. Ngokweemeko zokusebenza zeqokobhe, iimfuno zokusebenza zeqokobhe ikakhulu ziquka:
I-1) Inamandla aphezulu obushushu obuqhelekileyo, amandla afanelekileyo obushushu obuphezulu kunye namandla asezantsi ashiyekileyo.
I-2) Inomoya omhle wokungena komoya (ingakumbi ukushisa komoya ophezulu) kunye ne-thermal conductivity.
3) I-coefficient yokwandiswa komgca incinci, ukwandiswa kwe-thermal kuphantsi kwaye ukwandiswa kufana.
4) Ukuchasana okugqwesileyo kubanda ngokukhawuleza kunye nobushushu kunye nokuzinza kwe-thermochemical.
Ezi mpawu zeqokobhe zinxulumene ngokusondeleyo nezinto ezisetyenziswa ekwenzeni iqokobhe kunye nenkqubo yokwenza iqokobhe. Izinto zeShell ziquka izinto eziphikisayo, izibophelelo, izinyibilikisi, ii-hardeners, ii-surfactants, njl. Izinto ezichasayo ezisetyenziselwa utyalo-mali ziyi-santi ye-silica, i-corundum kunye ne-aluminosilicate refractories (ezifana ne-refractory clay kunye ne-aluminium banadium, njl.). Ukongeza, isanti ye-zircon kunye nesanti ye-magnesia ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziswa.
Izinto ezichasayo ezinomgubo kunye ne-binder zilungiswa kwi-coating ye-refractory, kwaye i-granular refractory material ifafazwe kwi-coating ye-refractory xa igobolondo lenziwe. Izibophelelo ezisetyenziswa kwiingubo eziphikisayo ziquka i-ethyl silicate hydrolysate, iglasi yamanzi kunye ne-silica sol. Ipeyinti elungiselelwe nge-ethyl silicate ineempawu ezintle zokugquma, amandla aphezulu eqokobhe, i-thermal deformation encinci, ukuchaneka okuphezulu kwe-castings efunyenweyo, kunye nomgangatho olungileyo womphezulu. Ubukhulu becala isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iintsimbi zentsimbi yealloyi ebalulekileyo kunye nezinye izinto zokugalela ezineemfuno zomgangatho ophezulu womphezulu. Umxholo we-SiO2 we-ethyl silicate eveliswe e-China ngokuqhelekileyo i-30% ukuya kwi-34% (i-fraction mass), ngoko ibizwa ngokuba yi-ethyl silicate 32 (32 imele i-avareji yobunzima be-SiO2 kwi-ethyl silicate). I-Ethyl silicate inokudlala indima ebophezelayo kuphela emva kwe-hydrolysis.
Igobolondo lokugquma elilungiselelwe ngeglasi yamanzi kulula ukukhubaza kunye nokuqhekeka. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-ethyl silicate, i-castings eveliswayo inokuchaneka kwe-dimensional ephantsi kunye nobunzima obuphezulu bomhlaba. I-binder yeglasi yamanzi ifanelekile ukuveliswa kweentsimbi ezincinci eziqhelekileyo kunyeii-alloy castings ezingenayo i-ferrous. Iglasi yamanzi yokuphosa utyalo-mali ngokuqhelekileyo inemodyuli ye-3.0 ~ 3.4 kunye nobuninzi be-1.27 ~ 1.34 g / cm3.
I-silica sol binder sisisombululo esimanzi se-silicic acid, ekwaziwa njenge-silica sol. Ixabiso layo li-1/3 ~ 1/2 ngaphantsi kwe-ethyl silicate. Umgangatho wokujula oveliswe kusetyenziswa i-silica sol njengesibophelelo uphezulu kunolo lweglasi yamanzi. I-arhente ebophelelayo iphuculwe kakhulu. I-silica sol inozinzo oluhle kwaye inokugcinwa ixesha elide. Ayifuni iziqinisi ezikhethekileyo xa usenza amaqokobhe. Amandla obushushu obuphezulu beqokobhe angcono kunawo amaqokobhe e-ethyl silicate, kodwa i-silica sol inobumanzi obumdaka kutyalo-mali kwaye ithatha ixesha elide ukuqina. Ezona nkqubo ziphambili zokwenza iqokobhe zibandakanya ukucocwa kwemodyuli, ukugquma kunye nokugalela, ukomiswa nokuqinisa, ukudiliza nokuqhotsa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-11-2021