Ukunyangwa kwe-Metal yinkqubo yokwenza i-artificially i-surface layer phezu kwendawo yesiseko sesinyithi esahlukileyo kwi-mechanical, physical and chemical properties of the base. Injongo yonyango lwangaphandle kukuhlangabezana nokuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion yemveliso, ukumelana nokugqoka, ukuhlobisa okanye ezinye iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zokusebenza. Ukuphoswa kwentsimbi, iindlela zethu zonyango eziqhele ukusetyenziswa ngaphezulu zezi: ukupolisha ngoomatshini, unyango lwekhemikhali, unyango lobushushu bomphezulu, kunye nomphezulu otshiziweyo. Ukulungiswa komphezulu kokusaswa kwentsimbi kukucoca, ukutshayela, ukukhupha, ukucolisa, kunye nokukhupha i-oxidize umphezulu wesixhobo sokusebenza.
Kukho iinkcazo ezimbini zonyango olungaphezulu. Olunye lunyango lomphezulu oluqhelekileyo, olubandakanya iindlela ezininzi zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali ezibandakanya ukunyangwa kwangaphambili, i-electroplating, ukupeyinta, i-chemical oxidation, ukutshiza nge-thermal, njl.; enye lunyango lomphezulu olucaciswe kancinci. Oko kukuthi, ukucutshungulwa kuphela kubandakanya ukuqhunyiswa kwesanti, ukupolisha, njl., nto leyo esihlala siyibiza ngokuba lunyango lwangaphambili.
| Unyango loMphezulu | Usetyenziso |
| Ukufakwa kweZinc | I-alloy steel castings, i-carbon steel castings, iinxalenye ezenziwe ngomgubo wesinyithi |
| I-Electroless Zinc Coating | I-Electroless Zinc i-coating ecebileyo kwiindawo zentsimbi |
| I-Electroless Nickel Plating | Electroless nickel plating kwintsimbi, intsimbi engatyiwa, ialuminiyam, kunye namalungu obhedu |
| Ukufakwa kweTin-Zinc | Ukufakwa kwe-tin-zinc kwiindawo zentsimbi |
| Ukucwenga kweChromium | I-alloy steel castings, ubhedu olusekelwe kwi-alloy castings |
| I-Nickel Plating | Electroless nickel plating kwintsimbi, intsimbi engatyiwa, kunye namalungu aluminiyam |
| I-Chrome-Nickel Plating | Amalungu obhedu, amacandelo obhedu |
| I-Zinc Nickel Plating | Izinto ezenziwe ngentsimbi, iintsimbi zobhedu, iintsimbi ezibunjwe ngobhedu |
| I-Copper-Nickel-Chromium Plating | I-Copper-Nickel-Chromium Plating kwintsimbi, insimbi engenasici, iinxalenye ze-aluminium |
| Ukucwenga ubhedu | Ukufakwa kwiindawo zentsimbi |
| Anodizing | I-anodizing kunye ne-anodizing enzima kwiprofayili ye-aluminium, i-machining kunye ne-die cast aluminiyam |
| Ukupeyinta | Ukupenda kunye nefilimu eyomileyo kwintsimbi, i-aluminium, insimbi engenasici, kunye nentsimbi |
| Ukucocwa kweAcidi | Ukucocwa kweasidi yokusahlelwa kwentsimbi engatyiwayo, iindawo eziphathwe bubushushu, ingxubevange ephezulu, ingxubevange yealuminiyam, kunye neenxalenye zetitanium. |
| Ukunyamezela | Ukugqithiswa kwazo zonke iintlobo zensimbi engenasici |
| I-Phosphating | I-Zinc kunye ne-manganese phosphating ye-castings eqhelekileyo kunye neengxenye zomatshini |
| Electrophoresis | I-Electrophoresis kwiindawo zentsimbi |
| Electrolytic polishing | I-Electrolytic polishing kwiindawo zentsimbi engenasici |
| Umzobo wocingo | Amalungu ensimbi engenasici ngokuphosa, i-welding kunye ne-forging |
1. Unyango lwangaphambili
Kwinkqubo yokucubungula, ukuthutha, ukugcinwa, njl., umphezulu wezinto zokusebenza zetsimbi zihlala zine-oxide yesikali, isanti yokubumba i-rust, i-welding slag, uthuli, ioli kunye nolunye ukungcola. Ukuze i-coating ifakwe ngokuqinileyo kumphezulu we-workpiece, indawo yokusebenza kufuneka ihlambuluke ngaphambi kokupenda. Ngaphandle koko, akuyi kuchaphazela kuphela amandla okubambisana kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion of the coating kwintsimbi, kodwa kwakhona wenze isiseko sesinyithi nokuba sifakwe. Iyakwazi ukuqhubeka i-corrode phantsi kokukhuselwa komgangatho, obangela ukuba i-coating ihlambuluke, echaphazela iimpawu zomatshini kunye nobomi benkonzo yomsebenzi. Ingabonwa ukuba injongo yokulungiswa komphezulu wezinto zokusebenza zetsimbi kukubonelela nge-substrate efanelekileyo efanelekileyo kwiimfuno zokugubungela, ukufumana umaleko okhuselekileyo womgangatho omhle, kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yemveliso.
2. Unyango ngoomatshini
Ikakhulu ibandakanya ukuguliswa kwebrashi yocingo, ukudutyulwa kunye nokuchama kwesanti.
I-brush polishing kukuba i-brush roller iqhutywe yi-motor, kwaye i-brush roller ijikeleza ngesantya esiphezulu kwiindawo eziphezulu kunye nezantsi ze-strip kwicala elichasene nokuhamba kwesiqwenga sokukhupha ukususa isikali se-oxide. Isikali se-iron oxide esixutyiweyo siyahlanjwa ngesixokelelwano esijikelezayo esijikelezayo sokuhlamba amanzi okupholisa.
Ukudubula kwe-shot yindlela yokusebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal ukukhawulezisa iprojectile kunye neprojekthi kwi-workpiece yokususa i-rust kunye nokucoca. Nangona kunjalo, ukudutyulwa kokudubula kunoguquko olubi kwaye kuthintelwe sisiza. Yimpumputhe encinci xa uhlambulula i-workpiece, kwaye kulula ukuvelisa iikona ezifileyo kwindawo yangaphakathi ye-workpiece engenakucocwa. Ubume besixhobo buyinkimbinkimbi, kukho iindawo ezininzi zokunxiba, ngakumbi iiblades kunye nezinye iindawo zinxiba ngokukhawuleza, ukugcinwa kweeyure zomntu kuninzi, iindleko ziphezulu, kwaye utyalo-mali lwexesha elinye lukhulu. Ukusebenzisa ukudutyulwa kokudubula kunyango lomphezulu, amandla empembelelo makhulu, kwaye umphumo wokucoca uyabonakala.
Nangona kunjalo, ukunyangwa kweepleyiti ezicekethekileyo zokusebenza ngokukrola kunokuguqula ngokulula i-workpiece, kwaye isithonga sentsimbi sibethe umphezulu wesixhobo sokusebenza (kungakhathaliseki ukuba kudutyulwe ukuqhushumba okanye ukukroba kwadutyulwa) ukukhubaza i-substrate yesinyithi. Ngenxa yokuba i-ferroferric oxide kunye ne-ferroferric oxide ayinayo iplastiki, ziya kwaphuka. Emva kokuxobuka, ifilimu yeoli ikhubaza kunye nezinto eziphathekayo, ngoko ukudutyulwa kokudubula kunye nokudutyulwa kokudubula akukwazi ukususa ngokupheleleyo amabala e-oyile kwindawo yokusebenza kunye neoli yeoli. Phakathi kweendlela ezikhoyo zonyango lweendawo zokusebenza, eyona nto ingcono yokucoca i-sandblasting. I-Sandblasting ifanelekile ukucoca i-workpiece surface kunye neemfuno eziphezulu.
3. Unyango lwePlasma
I-Plasma yingqokelela yeengqungquthela ezichanekileyo ezihlawulwe ngokufanelekileyo kunye neengqungquthela ezimbi (kubandakanywa i-ion ezintle, i-ion negative, i-electron, i-radicals yamahhala kunye namaqela ahlukeneyo asebenzayo, njl.). Iintlawulo ezilungileyo nezingalunganga ziyalingana. Ke ngoko, ibizwa ngokuba yi-plasma, eyimeko yesine apho umbandela ukhoyo ukongeza kwisiqina, ulwelo, kunye nemeko yegesi. Iprosesa yomgangatho weplasma yenziwe yijenereyitha yeplasma, umbhobho wokuhambisa igesi kunye nomlomo weplasma. Ijeneretha ye-plasma ivelisa amandla aphezulu kunye ne-high-frequency energy kwipayipi yensimbi ye-nozzle ukuba isebenze kwaye ilawulwe ukuvelisa i-plasma ephantsi kobushushu ekuphumeni okukhanyayo, ngoncedo lomoya oxinyiweyo I-plasma ifafazwe kumphezulu womsebenzi.
Xa iplasma kunye nomphezulu wento ecutshungulwayo idibana, into iyatshintsha kunye neekhemikhali zenzeke. Umphezulu ucociwe, kwaye izinto ezingcolisa i-hydrocarbon ezifana negrisi kunye nezongezelelo ezincedisayo zisusiwe, okanye zichongiwe kwaye zirhabaxa, okanye zenze umaleko oxineneyo odityanisiweyo, okanye wazisa amaqela epolar aneoksijini (ihydroxyl, carboxyl), ezi umphumo wokukhuthaza ukubambelela kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zokugquma, kwaye uphuculwe kwi-adhesion kunye nezicelo zepeyinti. Ngaphantsi kwesiphumo esifanayo, ukusetyenziswa kwendawo yonyango ye-plasma kunokufumana umgangatho obhityileyo ophakamileyo, onenzuzo ekudibaniseni, ekufakeni nasekushicileleni. Akukho mfuneko yabanye oomatshini, unyango lwemichiza kunye namanye amacandelo anamandla okwandisa ukunamathela.
4. Indlela ye-Electrochemical
Unyango lwe-electrochemical surface lusebenzisa ukusabela kwe-electrode ukwenza i-coating phezu kwendawo yokusebenza, ebandakanya i-electroplating kunye ne-anodic oxidation.
Xa i-workpiece yi-cathode kwisisombululo se-electrolyte. Inkqubo yokwenza i-coating ebusweni phantsi kwesenzo sombane wangaphandle kuthiwa yi-electroplating. Uluhlu lwe-plating lunokuba yintsimbi, i-alloy, i-semiconductor okanye iqulethe iinqununu ezahlukeneyo eziqinileyo, ezifana ne-copper plating, i-nickel plating, njl.
Ngelixa kwisisombululo se-electrolyte, i-workpiece yi-anode. Inkqubo yokwenza ifilimu ye-oxide ebusweni phantsi kwesenzo sangoku sangaphandle kuthiwa yi-anodization, njenge-anodization ye-aluminium alloy. Unyango lwe-oxidation yentsimbi lunokwenziwa ngeendlela zeekhemikhali okanye ze-electrochemical. Indlela yeekhemikhali kukubeka i-workpiece kwisisombululo se-oxidizing, kwaye uthembele kwisenzo sekhemikhali ukwenza ifilimu ye-oxide phezu kwendawo yokusebenza, njenge-bluing yensimbi.
5. Iindlela zeMichiza
Unyango olungaphezulu lwendlela yeekhemikhali alunampembelelo yangoku, kwaye lusebenzisa ukusebenzisana kwezinto zeekhemikhali ukwenza umaleko weplating kumphezulu we-workpiece. Ezona ndlela ziphambili zonyango lokuguqulwa kweekhemikhali zokuguqulwa kunye nokufakwa kwe-electroless.
Kwisisombululo se-electrolyte, i-workpiece yensimbi ayinayo intshukumo yangoku yangaphandle, kwaye i-chemical substance kwisisombululo isebenzisana ne-workpiece ukwenza i-coating ebusweni bayo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-chemical conversion film treatment. Okufana ne-bluing, i-phosphating, i-passivation, kunye nonyango lwetyuwa ye-chromium kumphezulu wesinyithi. Kwisisombululo se-electrolyte, umphezulu we-workpiece uphathwa nge-catalytically ngaphandle kwempembelelo yangoku yangaphandle. Kwisisombululo, ngenxa yokunciphisa izinto zeekhemikhali, inkqubo yokubeka izinto ezithile phezu kwendawo yokusebenza ukwenza i-coating ibizwa ngokuba yi-electroless plating, njenge-electroless nickel, i-Electroless copper plating, njl.
6. Indlela yoLungiso olushushu
Indlela yokucubungula eshushu iyancibilika okanye isasaze i-thermal impahla phantsi kweemeko eziphezulu zokushisa ukwenza i-coating ebusweni bomsebenzi. Ezona ndlela ziphambili zezi zilandelayo:
1) I-Hot Dip Plating
Inkqubo yokubeka umsebenzi wesinyithi kwisinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo ukwenza i-coating kumphezulu wayo ibizwa ngokuba yi-hot-dip plating, efana ne-hot-dip galvanizing kunye ne-hot-dip aluminium.
2) Ukutshiza ngeThermal
Inkqubo ye-atomizing yesinyithi etyhidiweyo kunye nokutshiza kumphezulu we-workpiece ukwenza i-coating ibizwa ngokuba yi-thermal spraying, efana ne-thermal spraying zinc kunye ne-thermal yokutshiza i-aluminium.
3) Isitampu esishushu
Inkqubo yokufudumeza kunye nokucinezela i-foil yentsimbi kumphezulu we-workpiece ukuze wenze umaleko wokugquma ubizwa ngokuba yi-hot stamping, efana ne-hot stamping foil aluminium.
4) Unyango lokutshisa ubushushu
Inkqubo apho i-workpiece idibene nezinto zekhemikhali kwaye ishushu, kwaye into ethile ingena kumphezulu we-workpiece kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu libizwa ngokuba yi-chemical heat treatment, njenge-nitriding kunye ne-carburizing.
7. I-Electrophoresis
Njenge-electrode, i-workpiece ifakwe kwi-conductive water-soluble or water-emulsified paint, kwaye yenza isiphaluka kunye nenye i-electrode kwipeyinti. Ngaphantsi kwesenzo sommandla wombane, isisombululo sokugubungela siye sahlulwa kwi-ion resin ehlawulwayo, i-cations ihambela kwi-cathode, kwaye i-anions ihambela kwi-anode. Ezi ion ze-resin ezihlawulisiweyo, kunye namasuntswana e-adsorbed pigment, afakwe kwi-electrophores kumphezulu we-workpiece ukwenza i-coating. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-electrophoresis.
8. Ukutshiza nge-Electrostatic
Phantsi kwentshukumo ye-DC high-voltage electric field, iisuntswana zepeyinti ezichajiwe kakubi ze-atomized ziqondiswe ukuba zibhabhele kwindawo yokusebenza echajiwe kakuhle ukufumana ifilimu yepeyinti, ebizwa ngokuba yi-static spraying.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-12-2021