Ukufakwa kwentsimbi yindibaniselwano yenkqubo yokubumba kunye nesinyithi semathiriyeli yentsimbi. Abakwazi nje ukuba nesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi ekunzima ukuyifumana ngezinye iinkqubo zokubumba, kodwa nokugcina iimpawu ezizodwa zentsimbi, ngoko keiindawo zokugalela intsimbibabe nesikhundla esiphezulu esibalulekileyo kwizinto zokwakha zobunjineli. Kuninzi lweziseko, ukujulwa kwentsimbi kuveliswa ikakhulu ngezi nkqubo zininzi zokuphosa: ukuphosa utyalo-mali, ukuphosa amagwebu alahlekileyo, ukuphosa ivacuum, ukuphosa isanti kunyeintlaka egqunywe isanti ukugalela.
Iintsimbi zentsimbi nazo zibanzi kakhulu malunga nokukhethwa kwesinyithi kunye ne-alloy. Umzekelo, intsimbi etyhidiweyo igubungela uluhlu olubanzi lweealloyi ezifana nentsimbi ephantsi yekhabhoni, intsimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi, intsimbi ephezulu yekhabhoni, intsimbi yealloyi, intsimbi ephezulu yealloy,yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo, Duplex steel stainless, precipitation lukhuni stainless kunye nezinye ialloys intsimbi ekhethekileyo.
Intsimbi yeCarbon kunye ne-low-alloy steel inamandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu kunye ne-weldability efanelekileyo, kwaye inokulungelelanisa iimpawu zomatshini kuluhlu olubanzi ngeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lokushisa. Zezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizakhiwo zobunjineli. Kwezinye iimeko zobunjineli ezikhethekileyo, ezifana nokuxhathisa i-abrasion, ukumelana noxinzelelo, ukuxhathisa ubushushu, ukuxhathisa ukubola kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphantsi, kukho iintsimbi eziphezulu ze-alloy ezineepropati ezihambelanayo onokukhetha kuzo.
Iinxalenye zentsimbi ezibunjiweyo nazo zineenzuzo zazo, njengamandla aphezulu kunye neziphene ezimbalwa zangaphakathi. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa neengxenye zetsimbi ezibunjiweyo, iingenelo zokuphoswa kwentsimbi nazo ziyabonakala. Isishwankathelo, iingenelo zeentsimbi zetsimbi zibonakaliswa ngokukodwa kwi-design flexibility. Ngokukodwa, oku bhetyebhetye kubonakaliswa kule miba ilandelayo:
I-1) Isakhiwo se-castings yensimbi sinokuguquguquka okuphezulu
Abasebenzi bezobugcisa besityalo sokuphosa isinyithi banokuba nenkululeko enkulu yoyilo kwimilo kunye nobukhulu bentsimbi yentsimbi, ngokukodwa iindawo ezinemilo enzima kunye namacandelo angenalutho. Iintsimbi zentsimbi zinokwenziwa yinkqubo ekhethekileyo yokuhlanganisana okungundoqo. Kwangaxeshanye, ukubunjwa kunye nokutshintsha kwemilo yeentsimbi zetsimbi kulula kakhulu, kwaye isantya soguqulo ukusuka kumzobo ukuya kwimveliso egqityiweyo sikhawuleza kakhulu, nto leyo eluncedo ekuphenduleni ngokukhawuleza kocaphulo kunye nexesha elifinyeziweyo lokuhambisa.
I-2) Ukwenziwa kwe-metallurgical ye-castings yensimbi inokuguquguquka okuphezulu kunye nokuguquguquka
Njeabaseki, iintsimbi zentsimbi zinokuba neentlobo ezininzi zeekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo onokukhetha kuzo, ezifana nentsimbi ye-carbon ephantsi, i-carbon steel medium, i-carbon steel high, i-alloy iron ephantsi, i-alloy iron ephezulu kunye nentsimbi ekhethekileyo. Ngaphezu koko, ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokwenziwa kwentsimbi, i-Foundry inokukhetha iipropathi zoomatshini kwaye isebenzise ukusebenza kuluhlu olukhulu ngonyango olwahlukeneyo lobushushu, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, inokufumana ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-welding kunye nokusebenza komatshini.
3) Ubunzima beentsimbi zetsimbi zinokuhluka phakathi koluhlu olubanzi
Iintsimbi zentsimbi zinokufikelela ubunzima obuncinci beegram ezimbalwa, ezifana nokudlulautyalo mali. Ubunzima beentsimbi ezinkulu zentsimbi zinokufikelela kwiitoni ezininzi, iitoni ezininzi okanye amakhulu eetoni. Ngaphezu koko, ukuphoswa kwentsimbi kulula ukufezekisa uyilo olukhaphukhaphu, olunganciphisi kuphela ubunzima bokuphosa ngokwalo (olubaluleke kakhulu kwimoto yabakhweli, oololiwe, kunye namashishini enqanawa), kodwa kwakhona kunciphisa iindleko zokuphosa.
4) Ukuguquguquka kokuveliswa kwentsimbi yentsimbi
Kwinkqubo yokwenza isinyithi, iindleko zokubumba yinto engenakuhoywa. Xa kuthelekiswa neendawo zentsimbi ezibunjiweyo, i-casting castings inokwamkela iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuphosa ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo. Kwi-single-piece okanye i-batch castings encinci, iipateni zokhuni okanye iipatheni ze-polystyrene gasification zingasetyenziswa, kwaye umjikelezo wemveliso ufutshane kakhulu. Ukwenziwa kwentsimbi enemfuno enkulu ngokwentelekiso, iipateni zeplastiki okanye zentsimbi zingasetyenziswa, kwaye iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokubunjwa zisetyenziselwa ukwenza ukugaywa kube nokuchaneka okufunekayo komgangatho kunye nomgangatho womphezulu. Ezi mpawu zinzima ukufezekisa kunye neengxenye zetsimbi ezibunjiweyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-01-2021